KIN 311 OSU Midterm 2 || Questions and 100% Accurate Answers.
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Course
KIN 311 OSU
Institution
KIN 311 OSU
Fitts and Posner's Learning Stages correct answers Cognitive (beginner learner)
Associative (intermediate learner)
Autonomous (advanced learner)
Cognitive Stage correct answers learns the fundamental movement patterns through trying the movement, watching a demonstration, verbal feedback, and ...
KIN 311 OSU Midterm 2 || Questions and 100% Accurate
Answers.
Fitts and Posner's Learning Stages correct answers Cognitive (beginner learner)
Associative (intermediate learner)
Autonomous (advanced learner)
Cognitive Stage correct answers learns the fundamental movement patterns through trying the
movement, watching a demonstration, verbal feedback, and own sensory feedback
learner engages in high cognitive activity (attention to movement and self-talk), exhibits
inconsistent performance, makes many gross errors, and experiences greatest performance
improvements
Cognitive Stage Practitioner's Role correct answers Assists the performer in understanding the
movement pattern, use teaching strategies such as verbal instruction, demonstrations, and
modeling, which are most effective during this stage
Associative Stage correct answers Learner can modify or adjust movement as needed (they can
detect and fix errors), exhibits more consistent performance, makes fewer errors, requires lower
attentional demands, experiences more gradual performance improvements
Associative Stage Practitioner's role correct answers Designs practice, and facilitates error
detection and correction
Autonomous Stage correct answers Exhibits high level of skill proficiency, performs mostly
automatically, performs very consistently with few errors, focuses on strategies of how to refine
and thinks beyond individual movements
Autonomous Stage Practitioner's Role correct answers Designs practice, refines performance,
motivates the performer
What level of learner? Engage in self-talk correct answers Cognitive stage
What level of learner? Errors are not gross but still happen fairly often correct answers
Associative stage
What level of learner? Learner is able to correct their own errors correct answers Associative
stage
What level of learner? The rate of learning starts to slow correct answers Associative stage
What level of learner? Small gains in performance correct answers Autonomous stage
Bernstein's Learning Stages correct answers 1) Freezing the limbs 2) Releasing the limbs 3)
Exploitation of the environment
, Freezing the limbs correct answers Restricts independence of body parts, reduces variability of
each body part, increases success because there is less that can go wrong during movement
Releasing the limbs correct answers Increases the independence of the body parts, decreases
constraints on degrees of freedom, allowing greater independent motion
Exploitation of the environment correct answers maximizes mechanical-inertial properties of the
limbs and requires less information processing and energy costs
Gentile's Two Stage Learning Model correct answers 1) Getting the idea 2)
Fixation/diversification
Getting the idea correct answers "the learner must learn to identify and selectively attend to the
regulatory conditions related to the movement", the learner is discovering how the movement
must be organized to accomplish a particular goal with the constraints of the movement
environment
-determine the relevant and nonrelevant stimuli
-develop a movement pattern that is successful in the skill
Regulatory conditions correct answers Relevant to the movement
Non-regulatory conditions correct answers Are irrelevant to the movement but may affect
performance
Fixation/diversification correct answers "learner attempts to match the newly acquired
movement pattern to the performance environment"
-develop the capability to do what needs to be done regardless of the situation
-increase the consistency of the movement in the performance
-objective is to match the new skill or movement pattern to the environment
Fixation correct answers if the environment is stable as in a closed skill the focus is to make the
movement pattern as consistent as possible (fixation of the pattern)
Diversification correct answers if the environment is inconsistent and changes as in an open skill,
then the goal is to diversity the pattern
Closed skills practice correct answers maintain regulatory conditions (fixation) to promote
movement consistency
Open skills practice correct answers vary both the regulatory and non-regulatory conditions
(diversification), but only after the learner performs proficiently under stable regulatory
conditions
Indicators of Motor Skill Learning correct answers Performance improvement, consistency or
stability, persistence
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