NSG 6604 Final
Philosophy - correct answer ✔-Science comprising logic, ethics, metaphysics
& epistemology.
-concerned with judgements about components of science.
-statement of beliefs and values, what people assume to be true in what they
believe. not empirically based, opinion based, public affirmation in discipline.
-"this we believe" nsg statments
-prevailing philosophy of discipline is the most widely accepted one.
Science - correct answer ✔-to know (KING), body of knowledge.
-observation, identification, description, experimental investigation and
theoretical explanation of natural phenomena.
-Nsg ______ is the knowledge connected to the discipline + the process &
methods used to gain the knowledge.
-goal- identify truths/facts about discipline subject matter; who, what, where,
when & how of phenomena.
Knowledge - correct answer ✔-what can be structured and represented to
others out of the process of knowing (Kramer).
-factual, awareness or perception of reality acquired through learning or
investigation.
-Suggests that science is composed of what are known about discipline
subject matter (known vs believed).
-Feigl (1953) replicable by using appropriate scientific methodologies w/in a
discipline; replication = components of phenomena provide observable &
measurable knowledge.
-empirical- can be experienced through human senses.
,Phenomena - correct answer ✔-Comprise the subject matter of a discipline
(grief, caring, etc)
-A thing, fact, situation, or event of scientific interest susceptible to scientific
description and explanation
Fact - correct answer ✔-Something known with certainty
Theory - correct answer ✔-A set of two or more concepts, definitions, and
propositions that project a systematic view of phenomena by designing
specific interrelationships among concepts for purposes of describing,
explaining, and predicting (Chinn & Jacob, 1987; Fawcett, 2000)
• Generally, applicable in clinical practice • Facts need to be ordered in a
cohesive body that will result in an organized body of knowledge. • Provide a
description, prediction, understanding, and explanation of phenomena (Kim) •
_____ allows one to explain past events, provide a sense of understanding
about current events, predict future events and provide the potential for
controlling them • Nursing intervention is served through the ability to predict
and ultimately to control phenomena associated with health and health care •
A degree of uncertainty is inherent in ______; the concepts may be tentative
and the propositions may be predictions of what reality is believed to be like,
rather than a set of known, undeniable facts (Hoover, 1988) • The functions of
_____ include summarization of knowledge, explanation of phenomena of
interest to the discipline employing the _____, and provision of to guide,
predict and ultimately to control phenomena (Mehlberg, 1962) • T_____ are
composed of assertions that state specific relationships between two or more
concepts
How does theory contribute to the scientific base of a discipline? - correct
answer ✔-conceptual models and theories PRESENT DIFFERENT VIEWS
OF PHENOMENON.
-link results of research together leading to cumulative scientific knowledge.
-provide frameworks by which to study concepts & variables.
, -provide frameworks that allows interpretation of research findings beyond
specific data.
Model - correct answer ✔• An idea that explains by using symbolic and
physical visualization • Symbolic models may be verbal, schematic, or
quantitative • Verbal models are worded statements • Schematic models may
be diagrams, drawings, graphs or pictures • Quantitative models are
mathematical symbols • Physical models may look like what they are
supposed to represent; For example, body organs may become more abstract
while still keeping some of the physical properties, like ECG tracings • Models
can be used "to facilitate thinking about concepts and relationships between
them (Bush, 1979) or to map out the research process (Chinn & Jacob, 1989)
Conceptual Model - correct answer ✔-ABSTRACT AND GENERAL
ideas(concepts) & propositions that specify relationships.
-Integrate those concepts into a meaningful configuration (Fawcett).
Paradigm - correct answer ✔Science, philosophy and theory are all
components of the domain of any scientific discipline; used to denote the
prevailing network of science, philosophy and theory accepted by a discipline
• What members of the community have in common; Includes: knowledge,
philosophy, theory, educational experience, practice orientation, research
methodology and literature identified with the discipline (shared framework
and a shared view held by a discipline (Melesis)
- The prevailing *** directs the activities of the discipline • It is accepted by the
majority of individuals within the discipline and suggest the areas of study of
interest to the discipline and the means to study them
Concept - correct answer ✔• A complex mental formulation of an object,
property or event that is derived from individual perceptual experience (Chinn
& Jacob, 1987)
