Lifespan Development Exam #1 Questions and Answers 100% ACCURATELifespan Development Exam #1 Questions and Answers 100% ACCURATE
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Course
Lifespan Development
Institution
Lifespan Development
APA Divison System - ANSWER-an instrumental structure that has a lot of power in psychology. Each division includes changes within that division over the course of history. **Exam question: pick favorite division and know mission statement - why is it related to development psychology?** History/co...
Lifespan Development Exam #1 Questions and
Answers 100% ACCURATE
APA Divison System - ANSWER-an instrumental structure that has a lot of power in
psychology. Each division includes changes within that division over the course of
history. **Exam question: pick favorite division and know mission statement - why is it
related to development psychology?** History/context is reflected in what APA is doing
Developmental Research Design: Cross-Sectional (definition, pros, and cons) -
ANSWER-In this type of design, groups of people differing in age are studied at the
same point in time. Ask a research question for one thin slice of people at one age and
compare to a group of another age (same time)
Pro: efficient strategy for describing age-related trends; dropouts aren't possible
because data is only collected per person once
Con: something unique to one group could be different for other. Example: seniors in
this class didn't have Tarja but sophomores did so the people in different grades could
have different experiences.
Developmental Research Design: Longitudinal (definition, pros, and cons) - ANSWER-
participants are studied repeatedly, and changes are noted as they get older; same age,
different time - affects on people with 9/11
Pros: good for finding patterns in development; able to study relationships between
early and later events in life
Cons: can be threatened by cohort effects (individuals born in the same time period are
influenced by a particular set of historical and cultural conditions. Results based on one
cohort may not apply to people developing at other times). Participants could move
away or drop out of the research for other reasons
Developmental Research Design: Combination Study - ANSWER-several similar cross-
sectional or longitudinal studies at varying times are conducted
Critical Period vs. Sensitive Period - ANSWER-sensitive period = a time that is optimal
for certain capacities to emerge and in which the individual is especially responsive to
environmental influences. However, its boundaries are less well-defined than those of a
critical period. Development can occur later, but it is harder to induce. sensitive is better
to learn before but have the ability to learn.
critical period = a period where you have to learn something in order to get it in life.
language with critical vs. sensitive periods - ANSWER-In my opinion, language has both
sensitive and critical periods. sensitive period during childhood and critical once child
hits puberty. Syntax is critical, vocabulary is sensitive. Genie's left hemisphere of the
brain was not properly developed which makes scientists believe that language has a
critical period at puberty age.
, Important realities that can influence development psychology - ANSWER-
developmental tendencies (head to talk development), timing (when you're exposed to
certain environmental stimuli such as language), critical/sensitive periods, contextual
influences (people are different across contexts)
Paul Bates Developmental Theory - ANSWER-need to look at different experiences that
affect our development
Commonness/Uniqueness of causes of change: normative or non-normative
Further broken up by: normative age-graded influences or normative history-graded
influences
Further broken up by classified as biological, psychological, and sociocultural
Normative age-graded influences - ANSWER-(age graded influences = events that are
strongly related to age and therefore fairly predictable in when they occur and how long
they last are called age-graded influences).
Normative age - graded
biological: puberty
Psychological - starting high school
Sociocultural - drinking, entering college, getting your license (what's normative in your
age group)
Normative history-graded Influences - ANSWER-large group of people experience at
same time in history - tend to be alike in ways that set them apart from people born at
other times
Biological example: major disease, vaccines, HIV; psychological: wartime, racial
discrimination
Sociocultural: 9/11, elections
Non-normative influences - ANSWER-rare, not necessarily negative
Non-normative sociocultural - tsunami in an environment where it is unlikely to happen
Urie Bronfenbrenner Theory - ANSWER-Individual
Microsystems
Mesosystems
Exosystems
Macrosystems
Chronosystems
Microsystems - ANSWER-(groups within which individual spends time): The innermost
level of the environment, consists of activities and interaction patterns in the person's
immediate surroundings. Example: team, class, family. Each one affects you, you may
act differently
Mesosystems - ANSWER-(relationships among these microsystems): the second level
of Bronfenbrenner's model, the mesosystem, encompasses connections between
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