CRIM 310 MIDTERM || with 100% Errorless Solutions.
Decision advantage correct answers Critical edge in decision-making that shifts the balance in
favor of the decision-maker; where one knows more than a competitor or adversary
Actionable Intelligence correct answers Intelligence that acts as a "prelude to decision and
action," implying that it shouldn't merely satisfy idle curiosity; must be useful for some larger
purpose, generally one that serves the national interest; can empower a consumer toward some
level of understanding or action
Counterintelligence correct answers The protection of information and intelligence; can be
defensive or offensive
Tactical Intel correct answers Designed for near-term use, usually by on-ground personnel. Ex:
army unit on patrol would be interested in whether enemy is over the next hill
Strategic Intel correct answers Generally consumed by senior leaders and policymakers; refers to
longer-term issues that have large implications and potential consequences; may entail broad
topics, such as economic projections, often looks into future; require much more lead time and
require meticulous research + analysis
Operational Intel correct answers Often used by the military; falls somewhere b/w tactical and
strategic and is usually used at a battalion or expeditionary force level
Plausible Deniability correct answers Key characteristic of a successful covert op; when the
operation itself cannot be traced back to the US gov't
Intelligence management correct answers Consists of several phases - organizing and processing
voluminous amounts of data that arrive daily; involves storing intel once produced; managing
intel includes proper dissemination
BLUF correct answers Bottom Line Up Front - Important info, such as one's conclusion, is
rendered first; writing must be concise, clear, and accurate
Intelligence correct answers The result of a logical intellectualprocess, often referred to as the
intelligence cycle, which produces new actionable knowledge designed to:
-Corroborate the validity of information and data
-Understand its importance and linkages with other data
-Develop a plan for action (that is a hypothesis or an operation)
-Use the plan to accomplish a desired goal
Intelligence is a concept, product, and process
-Dynamic process
-Collection, evaluation, analysis, integration, interpretation of available information
-Information, sources, and methods are guided by requirements
,-Mission driven; goal oriented
-Actionable
-Relevant
The clearance process correct answers -Involves an examination of your life history and fitness
to safeguard nation's secrets - examines your loyalty to US, strength of character, honesty,
trustworthiness, etc.
-USG wants to make sure you're free from conflicting allegiances w/ other countries; are not
potential risk for coercion
-Must be a citizen of US when you apply
-Recent and/or frequent use of illegal drugs could raise a security concern
Levels of clearances correct answers Most employees, contractors, and interns are "cleared."
Several different levels of clearances - Secret, Top Secret, Top Secret/Sensitive Compartmented
Information (TS/SCI)
SCIF correct answers Sensitive Compartmented Information Facility - an enclosed area within a
building/complex that is used to process SCI types of classified info
-No cell phones, personal computers, tablets
-No Wifi devices, USB keys, external storage drives
-No FitBits or similar devices
-No cameras, recording devices, or other electronics
Acronyms correct answers IR is made of "Alphabet Soup," a metaphor for abundance of
abbreviations or acronyms. Coined during Franklin D. Roosevelt's Presidency when he created
various agencies associated w/ New Deal
George Washington correct answers -Formed the Secret Committee, Committee of Secret
Correspondence(reported on British troop movements, carried out various covert activities, etc.)
& Culper Spy Ring(team of spies that transported intel about British movements)
-1776: Congress passed the First Espionage Act
"...lurking as spies in or about the fortification or encampments of the US armies is punishable
by death"
Nathan Hale correct answers Agreed to go behind enemy lines in Battle of Long Island to gather
info; immediately captured + hanged; legend as a martyr for revolution has preceded his actual
intel capabilities
Allan Pinkerton correct answers Set up detective agency to allow businessmen to covertly keep
track of their employees
Harriet Tubman correct answers Famous for her work with Underground Railroad; served as
armed scout + spy and helped lead covert op in SC that freed 700 slaves; made sure runaway
slaves provided info on activities they'd observed; also convinced some freed slaves to return to
South to engage in espionage + surveillance
, Thaddeus Lowe correct answers Flew above battlefields in a balloon and reported on
Confederate troop movements
OSS correct answers Office of Strategic Services. This was a forerunner of the Central
Intelligence Agency created during WWII. This was the first attempt to gather all intelligence for
the war into one organization to be able to be more organized and consistent throughout all
branches of the military. It was heavily inspired by and influenced by similar organizations in
Britain during WWII, such as the Secret Intelligence Service and the Special Operations
Executive. It later turned into the Central Intelligence Agency which exists today with similar
goals.
Creation of NSA correct answers -Formed in 1952
-Evolved out of Armed Forces Security Agency because it was judged to be ineffective
National Security Act of 1947 correct answers Passed in 1947 in response to perceived threats
from the Soviet Union after WWII. President Truman appointed a Director of Central
Intelligence (DCI) to oversee events. Further, it established the Department of Defense and the
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and National Security Council, as well as established laws
relating to intel collection + covert activities
USA Patriot Act correct answers October 2001, President Bush signed into law the Uniting and
Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct
Terrorism Act of 2001. Modernized our ability to monitor criminal and terrorist communications
by applying our wiretap laws to new technologies such as cell phones and e-mail without
modifying or reducing the legal and constitutional restraints applicable to those tools
Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act correct answers In 2004, Pres Bush signed the
Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act, which incorporated many of
recommendations proposed by 9/11 Commission. Established the position of Director of
National Intelligence(DNI), National Counterterrorism Center, and the Privacy and Civil
Liberties Oversight Board.
17 IC Organizations correct answers US IC is a coalition of 17 agencies + orgs within executive
branch that works both independently and collaboratively to gather intel necessary to conduct
foreign relations + national security activities. Primary mission of IC is to collect + convey
essential info that the President and members of policymaking, law enforcement, and military
communities require to execute their appointed duties.
NSA correct answers National Security Agency
-Is a DOD element
-Jurisdiction is outside USA
-Responsible for collection + analysis of foreign communications and signals intelligence
-Assumed responsibility for protecting US communications + information systems
-Coordinates, directs, and performs highly specialized activities to protect U.S. information
systems and to produce foreign signals intelligence information
