A mother imagines running an experiment on her kids where all electronic devices are taken away to test whether that helps her kids get to sleep earlier in the evening. In this scenario: correct answers Taking away electronic devices is the independent variable, what time the kids get to sleep is t...
BBH 310- Exam #1 Prep || A Verified A+ Pass.
A mother imagines running an experiment on her kids where all electronic devices are taken
away to test whether that helps her kids get to sleep earlier in the evening. In this scenario:
correct answers Taking away electronic devices is the independent variable, what time the kids
get to sleep is the dependent variable
A research team finds that people carrying their weight around their abdomen (i.e. are 'apple-
shaped') are more likely than people who carry their weight around their hip and thighs (i.e. are
'pear-shaped') to develop heart disease. They conclude that being 'apple-shaped' increases one's
risk for heart disease. During a follow-up study, however, they realize that men are much more
likely than women to be 'apple-shaped' rather than 'pear-shaped' and that men also are much
more likely to develop heart disease. This finding from the follow-up study suggests that the
relationship between abdominal weight and heart disease may be due to: correct answers third-
variable causality
Adoption of a vegan diet has been found to be associated with subsequent calcium deficiency in
teenagers. Researchers think the main reason why is because many of these young people drop
dairy as a source of dietary calcium. Which matches the terms in the same way as they are used
above? correct answers Predictor is vegan diet; mechanism is reduced dairy intake; outcome is
calcium deficiency.
When we're talking about independent/predictor variables (not dependent/outcome variables),
person variables are better suited for _____ research and situation variables are better for _____
research. correct answers observational; experimental
"Independent variable" is sometimes used synonymously with "predictor variable" but they have
slightly different implications. What is the difference? correct answers "Independent" implies
that the variable has been randomized, while "predictor" is more general
When a scientist starts with a premise that two variables are related, and then based on that
assumption decides to test it and evaluate whether those ideas end up being true in the real world,
this is based on the logical process of ______. correct answers Deduction
In order to save the lives of thousands of people who are on organ transplant waiting lists and
cannot get the transplants, researchers develop pigs that have some of the cell surface receptor
genes changed to be genetically human, so that the pig genes can be put into people. Some
people think it's not right to kill an animal that is partly genetically human. Some people think
it's not right to kill an animal to save a human. And some people think it's not right to let people
die when you have a way to save them, even if it means killing a few genetically engineered
pigs. This question of what is right is a question of: correct answers Ethics
What's an IRB? correct answers A group of people that checks over researchers' plans to be sure
they're treating subjects ethically
,Imagine you are an expert on maternal mortality during childbirth. You want to write a detailed
analysis of all published studies investigating how preventable infections contribute to maternal
mortality in developing countries, mostly for a scientific audience. Your colleague at the World
Health Organization wants you to write a pamphlet for health care providers summarizing the
practically useful take home points of your analysis. You want to write a _________ but your
colleague wants you to write a _________. correct answers Secondary research article; tertiary
research article
Which of the following is an example of empiricism? correct answers believing only what one
can detect with one's senses
Empiricism means: correct answers To look and see based on scientifically conducted test
-Being empirical means doing the test-- it's not about the theories or the received wisdom, but
instead, empiricism emphasizes data and observations. An empiricist will only trust theories,
teachers, and textbooks if those sources are basing their claims on observations, where scientists
really went to "look and see" if their claims were supported by that kind of evidence.
Assertion correct answers A statement or claim.
Anecdote correct answers A short story or example of a limited case.
Empricism correct answers A way of knowing based on sensory information.
Evidence correct answers A body of facts that support an argument.
Cognitive Bias correct answers A tendency to make illogical, inaccurate, or unreasonable mental
assessments.
Biologically Plausible correct answers An argument about a cause and effect relationship at least
makes sense in terms of modern biological theories.
Clinical Trial correct answers An experiment that tests the effect of an intervention on some
disease or behavioral outcome.
Control Group correct answers A group of subjects that are not receiving the active medication
or treatment and serve as comparison group when results are evaluated.
Placebo correct answers A control condition in a study which provides the means for comparison
with the experimental condition. The term was originally used in drug studies, but later spread to
behavioral interventions.
Phenomenology correct answers "What are phenomena and what do they mean?"
Epistemology correct answers "How should we decide which beliefs are true?"
, Ontology correct answers "What categories of things exist? What does it mean to be this kind of
thing and not that kind of thing?"
Logic correct answers "What is valid reasoning?"
Ethics correct answers "What is the morally good thing to do?"
There's a statistically significant difference in birth weight of babies between those who had
mothers who smoked meth during pregnancy and mothers who did not, therefore, smoking meth
probably causes low birth weight. correct answers Induction
If a mother's meth smoking causes low birth weight in the offspring, then we would expect to see
a statistically significant difference in birth weight or babies between those who had mothers
who smoked meth during pregnancy and mothers who did not. correct answers Deduction
What were the authors thinking when they wrote this research article? correct answers
Phenomenology
Can we accept expert opinion that this treatment works, or do we need to run a clinical trial?
correct answers Epistemology
Should we consider male pattern baldness to be a disease? correct answers Ontology
What does the free radical theory of aging predict would happen? correct answers Logic
Now that we know the medicine works, should we give it to children whose parents cannot
afford to pay for it? correct answers Ethics
What should be our standards for believing something? correct answers Epistemology
What's a morally good action here? correct answers Ethics
What conclusions can we draw form these premises? correct answers Logic
What's it like to experience this? correct answers Phenomenology
What's the definition of this thing? correct answers Ontology
Someone who holds very strong opinions on a topic. This person is unwilling to read scientific
studies that have collected data directly addressing that topic. This person's opinions appear to be
based more on ____ then ____. correct answers Dogma, empiricism
Which type of logic is based on statistical probabilities (rather than decoding the implications of
theories)? correct answers Inductive logic
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