BBH 310 Final Exam || with Errorless Solutions 100%.
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Course
BBH 310
Institution
BBH 310
Ben thinks that the consumption of foods contaminated with mercury (such as fish) during pregnancy can cause harm to women's offspring. He conducts a study to follow 100 women throughout pregnancy and for a year thereafter, assessing what they eat during pregnancy and their children's development d...
BBH 310 Final Exam || with Errorless Solutions 100%.
Ben thinks that the consumption of foods contaminated with mercury (such as fish) during
pregnancy can cause harm to women's offspring. He conducts a study to follow 100 women
throughout pregnancy and for a year thereafter, assessing what they eat during pregnancy and
their children's development during the first year of life. He finds that women who ate more fish
during pregnancy on average had children with more developmental problems. Based on this,
Ben can conclude that:
a. Fish is a source of mercury
b. Consuming foods contaminated with mercury during pregnancy causes developmental
problems among offspring
c. Mercury exposure during pregnancy is more harmful than exposure to other metals
d. All of the above
e. None of the above correct answers E
A research team finds that people carrying their weight around their abdomen (i.e. apple shaped)
are more likely than people who carry their weight around their hips and thighs (i.e pear shaped)
to develop heart disease. They conclude that being 'apple shaped' increases one's risk for heart
disease. During a follow-up study, however, they realize that men are much more likely than
women to be 'apple shaped' rather than 'pear shaped' and that men also are much more likely to
develop heart disease. This finding from the follow-up study suggests that the relationship
between abdominal weight and heart disease may be due to:
a. Regular causality
b. Reverse causality
c. Bidirectional causality
d. Third-variable causality correct answers D
A researcher wants to know whether levels of family routines in a given family are associates
with the overall psychological well-being of the children in those families. To study this, she
sends research assistants to spend time at the homes of 40 families for a week each, and gets
them to take notes on how manyVariation family routines, particularly in the evenings, each
family follows. She heiress that families with more family routines in the evening have dinner
together more often and talk more about what's going on in everyone's life. In turn, having
regular opportunities to talk to other family members might improve the children's psychological
well-being. In this study:
a. Variation in family routines is the predictor; regular communication between family members
is the mechanism; psychological well-being is the outcome variable
b. Variation in family routines is the predictor; family routines is the mechani correct answers A
Zoe tells her friend Laura that she does not believe smoking is bad for one's health because her
grandfather smoked for decades and never suffered any grave health consequences. Zoe's
information about smoking-related health risks is a(n):
,a. dogma
b. anecdote
c. theory
d. cognitive bias correct answers B
A researcher wants to find out whether middle-aged women recovering from breast cancer
benefit from talking with other breast cancer survivors. He also wants to know whether it makes
a difference if they get to talk in person or only online. To test this, he randomly assigns his
participants of one of three groups: meet and talk with breast cancer survivors in person; meet
and talk with breast cancer survivors online only; do not meet or talk to any breast cancer
survivors (control condition). In this story design, the ____ is being manipulated and participant
gender is a ___.
a. Dependent variable; variable
b. Independent variable; variable
c. Dependent variable; constant
d. Independent variable; constant correct answers D
A(n) _____ is meant to explain how something works more generally, whereas a(n) _____ is a
prediction about a particular outcome of interest.
a. theory; dependent variable
b. hypothesis; theory
c. theory; hypothesis
d. dependent variable; theory correct answers C
Which of the following statements about random assignment is true?
a. It is an important component of any good observational study
b. It guarantees equally sized groups of participants
c. It ensures participants are equally likely to be assigned to any group
d. all of the above
e. none of the above correct answers C
Imagine you are running a study to investigate the influence of a laboratory stressor (a public
speaking task) on cortisol reactivity. You want to know whether it matters if the experimenter is
supportive or rude during the laboratory stressor. You also want to know whether cortisol
reactivity following the stressor is different amount people who were emotionally abused during
their childhood compared to people who were not. Which variable would best be called a
'predictor' (instead of 'independent variable') in your study?
a. cortisol reactivity following stressor
b. presence/absence of friendly experimenter
c.public speaking task
d. presence/absence of emotional childhood abuse correct answers D
, Imagine you are an expert on maternal mortality during childbirth. You want to write a detailed
analysis of all published studies investigating how preventable infections contribute to maternal
mortality in developing countries, mostly for a scientific audience. Your colleague at WHO
wants you to write a pamphlet for health care providers summarizing the practically useful take
home points of your analysis. You want to write a ___ but your colleague wants you to write a
___/
a. primary research article; secondary research article
b. secondary research article; tertiary research article
c. tertiary research article; primary research article
d. tertiary research article; secondary research article
e. secondary research article; primary research article correct answers B
For which of the following studies would you be unable to take advantage of random
assignment?
a. A study investigating on how many days a week old people with dementia remember to take
their medication
b. A study investigating whether old people with dementia are more likely to remember taking
their medication when it's presented in a red compared to a blue pill case
c. A study investigating whether a new drug reduces dementia among old people more than an
existing drug
d. A study investigating whether a placebo reduces forgetfulness among old people with
dementia more when administered in pill form compared to as a liquid correct answers A
A teacher asks students, "At what grade level would you begin to panic about your score?" The
response options are A-, B+, B, B-, C+, C, D. The teacher finds that a very similar number of
people respond to every response option. This distribution is:
a. Normal
b. Gamma
c. Uniform
d. Bimodal
e. Random correct answers C
A researcher is setting up his lab and training anew research assistant on how to run through a
certain protocol for a new study. He notices that the research assistant frequently misremembers
the formula for calculating body mass index and as a result the body mass index scores for the
affected participants are too low. However, he decides that if he recruits a large enough sample,
this won't result in a serious problem with his data, because the error will average out. This
conclusion is:
a. correct, b/c the error in his data is random
b. correct, b/c the error in his data is systematic
c. incorrect, b/c the error in his data is random
d. incorrect, b/c the error in his data is systematic correct answers D
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