What is statistical trust? correct answers the assumption that all groups (control/intervention) are all random and thus equal at the beginning of an experiment
How do you have a "clean" experiment? correct answers Making sure that the only difference between the groups is if they received inter...
BBH 310 Exam #3 || very Flawless.
What is statistical trust? correct answers the assumption that all groups (control/intervention) are
all random and thus equal at the beginning of an experiment
How do you have a "clean" experiment? correct answers Making sure that the only difference
between the groups is if they received intervention or not
What is blinding? correct answers intentionally keeping the participants and/or the research
technicians in the dark about who actually got the real intervention
What is attrition? correct answers when people drop out of a study
Why is attrition bad? correct answers if attrition is unequal between control/intervention groups,
the results will be inaccurate
What are true experiments? correct answers An experiment in which the researcher tries to assess
whether an intervention or treatment makes a difference in a measured outcome. The following
elements are present in all true experimental designs: control, random assignment, and
manipulation of the independent variable.
What is a quasi-experiment? correct answers an experiment where there IS manipulation, but NO
random assignment to groups
What are factorial experiments? correct answers experimental designs that manipulate MORE
than 1 experimental factor
What makes a design fully factorial? correct answers when all possible combinations of factors
are used/tested
What are factorial experiments that are not fully factorial? correct answers experiments that
investigate many factors but neglect the combinations
What are strengths of factorial experiments? correct answers - allows you to investigate multiple
hypotheses in one study
- allows you to see if different IVs interact with each other
- efficient in sharing control groups when testing multiple factors
What are weaknesses of factorial experiments? correct answers - if fully factorial, the amount of
combinations could be too large making the experiment impractical
- same for all experiments: attrition, inability to blind participants, and inability to manipulate
some factors
What is a crossover experiment? correct answers an experiment where people who were initially
assigned to one experimental condition are then later switched into another experimental
condition
, What is one caveat with a crossover design? correct answers it will only work if the
manipulations being used don't have very long lasting effects
What is "carry-over?" correct answers When the effects of the prior treatment are seen through
the next observation after switching groups
Strength(s) of crossover experiments. correct answers - allows each person to serve as their own
control
Weakness(es) of crossover experiments. correct answers - carry-over effects (when the
manipulation has long-lasting impacts) can mess things up
- have to do additional studies to see how long interventions last
How do you know if a study is a quasi-experiment? correct answers the researchers will have
manipulated the predictor variable of interest, they don't do so in a randomized and controlled
fashion
What is a pre-post study? correct answers a study with NO control group; the effects of some
manipulation are only tested on one group of people; results are concluded by comparing
measurements from before intervention (baseline) and after.
What is a within-subject design? correct answers effects of intervention are seen in the same
person; form of pre-post study
Strength(s) of pre-post studies. correct answers - EASIEST experimental design to do; simple to
conduct and report
- useful as a "first test" to earn how to deliver an intervention in a study
- can provide definitive results in very extreme cases (ex: if manipulation does something that
would be absolutely impossible without it--> parachute example)
Weakness(es) of pre-post studies. correct answers - changes can occur between pre- and post-
tests; too great a possibility for confounders --> can't use results as conclusive indications of an
effect of the manipulation
Types of changes that can occur between pre- and post-tests. correct answers - maturation or
normal development
- testing effects: learn from prior experiments with those same tests
- events: an impactful event could occur
T or F
Using published info from another source as a control group can make a design quasi-
experimental. correct answers true; they didn't randomly assign the groups since they don't
actually have a control group
T or F
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