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PSIO 303 Exam 3 Questions and Answers

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PSIO 303 Exam 3 Questions and Answers The tissue type primarily responsible for peripheral glucose disposal and for whole-body insulin resistance is? - ANSWER-skeletal muscle Which of the following is neither a core component nor an additional component of Metabolic Syndrome? - ANSWER-Hyperkera...

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  • October 30, 2024
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PSIO 303 Exam 3 Questions and Answers


The tissue type primarily responsible for peripheral glucose disposal and for whole-body insulin

resistance is? - ANSWER✔✔-skeletal muscle


Which of the following is neither a core component nor an additional component of Metabolic

Syndrome? - ANSWER✔✔-Hyperkeratosis


Of the following pairs of components, which are the earliest that arise with Metabolic Syndrome? -

ANSWER✔✔-hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance


When it comes to essential hypertension in Metabolic Syndrome, it is suggested that __________ and

__________ may be responsible for the development of this core component by increasing central

sympathetic outflow, causing peripheral vasoconstriction, and more. - ANSWER✔✔-insulin resistance;

hyperinsulinemia


Which of the following statements about Metabolic Syndrome is false? - ANSWER✔✔-The onset of

symptoms is typically very rapid


Individuals with a 2-hour glucose level above 200 mg/dL during an OGTT can be diagnosed with type 2

diabetes. - ANSWER✔✔-True




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Skeletal muscle is a major organ for both the removal of glucose from the bloodstream and the delivery

of glucose into the bloodstream following glycogen breakdown. - ANSWER✔✔-False


Reactive oxygen species cause cellular dysfunction and do not play a role in normal growth and

metabolism. - ANSWER✔✔-False


Glucose that enters the bloodstream from the intestines is first processed and detected by the pancreas.

- ANSWER✔✔-False


Release of adiponectin from fat cells would promote the development of cardiovascular associated

defects and impairments in Metabolic Syndrome. - ANSWER✔✔-False


Enzymes which remove phosphates from cellular proteins are called __________, whereas enzymes

which add phosphates to cellular proteins are called - ANSWER✔✔-phosphatases; kinases


Which of the following statements regarding signal transduction is FALSE?


1. Signal transduction relies exclusively on cell surface receptors in order to change cellular behavior.


2. The use of second messengers allows for signal transduction events to be amplified in the cell.


3. Signal transduction is used by the body to change the function of cells.


4. Phosphorylation of proteins is a critical (and quite common) component of signal transduction in cells.

- ANSWER✔✔-Phosphorylation of proteins is a critical (and quite common) component of signal

transduction in cells.
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A chemical messenger secreted by one cell and acting on the same cell in the same tissue is an example

of paracrine communication. - ANSWER✔✔-False


Phosphorylation events become less common throughout the subsequent stages of cellular signal

transduction. - ANSWER✔✔-False


ACh receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that permit the movement of what ion when ACh binds? -

ANSWER✔✔-Na+


When a ligand binds to a GPCR, the activated GPCR becomes capable to doing what for G proteins? -

ANSWER✔✔-It can now enable a new GTP molecule from the cytoplasm to replace the old GDP

molecule bound to the α subunit of the G protein.


Adenylate cyclase uses the substrate _____ to form the second messenger chemical _____, and the

increase in this second messenger chemical causes the activation of the enzyme named _____. -

ANSWER✔✔-ATP; cAMP; PKA


The α subunits of the _____ subfamily of G proteins interact with (and stimulate) adenylate cyclase when

activated. - ANSWER✔✔-Gs


The α subunits of the _____ subfamily of G proteins interact with phospholipase C (PLC) when activated.

- ANSWER✔✔-Gq, 11




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What is metabolic syndrome? - ANSWER✔✔-Condition in humans where there is a clustering of specific

pathologies that represent an increased cardiovascular disease (CVD). Increased probability of suffering a

heart attack or stroke


What is metabolic syndrome also referred to as - ANSWER✔✔-referred to as Syndrome X, the Insulin

resistance (IR) syndrome, and cardio metabolic syndrome (CMS)


Components of Metabolic Syndrome - ANSWER✔✔-1. Visceral obesity


2. Insulin Resistance


3. Hyperinsulinemia


4. Glucose intolerance


5. Dyslipidemia


6. Essential hypertension


Visceral obesity - ANSWER✔✔-an increase in visceral or abdominal adipose tissue


What is the assessment of overall overweight or obesity - ANSWER✔✔-body mass index (BMI) kg/m^2


What is a weakness to BMI? What test can we do that is more accurate? - ANSWER✔✔-doesn't reflect

fat distribution. We can do an assessment of visceral obesity which is waist circumference via MRI




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