Exam (elaborations)

NAU BIO 181 Final (Schonauer) Exam Questions and Answers

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North Arizona University Tests 2024

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North Arizona University Tests 2024

NAU BIO 181 Final (Schonauer) Exam Questions and Answers A nucleotide consists of___________? - ANSWER-A phosphate group, a nitrogen base, and a 5- carbon sugar. Deoxyribose has a H at the 2' and is in - ANSWER-DNA Ribose has a OH at the 2' and is in - ANSWER-RNA Cytosine is a - ANSWER-Pyrimi...

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NAU BIO 181 Final (Schonauer) Exam

Questions and Answers

A nucleotide consists of___________? - ANSWER✔✔-A phosphate group, a nitrogen base, and a 5-

carbon sugar.

Deoxyribose has a H at the 2' and is in - ANSWER✔✔-DNA

Ribose has a OH at the 2' and is in - ANSWER✔✔-RNA

Cytosine is a - ANSWER✔✔-Pyrimidine

Uracil only exists in RNA and is a - ANSWER✔✔-Pyrimidine

Thymine only exists in DNA and is a - ANSWER✔✔-Pyrimidine

Pyrimidines are __________ than purines - ANSWER✔✔-smaller

Purines are __________ than pyrimidines - ANSWER✔✔-larger

Guanine is a - ANSWER✔✔-Purine

Adenine is a - ANSWER✔✔-Purine

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Nucleic acids are - ANSWER✔✔-polymers

A nucleoside only consists of what two things? - ANSWER✔✔-5-carbon sugars and the nitrogen base

The sugar-phosphate backbone is what type of bond? - ANSWER✔✔-A phospho-diester bond

Polymerization requires energy from what? - ANSWER✔✔-Active nucleotides or nucleotide

triphosphates such as (aTP, tTP, cTP, gTP, uTP)

What is the polarity of a nucleotide chain? - ANSWER✔✔-5'-3'

Polymerization requires energy from where? - ANSWER✔✔-Energy already in the system.

How many H bonds in: A➝T - ANSWER✔✔-2

How many H bonds in: G➝C - ANSWER✔✔-3

How many strands of DNA are in one chromosome? - ANSWER✔✔-2

What is the main difference between RNA and DNA? - ANSWER✔✔-RNA is single stranded whereas DNA

is double stranded

How is DNA replicated? - ANSWER✔✔-Replication is semiconservative, which means that teach strands

is a template.

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What would happen if DNA ligase were defective? - ANSWER✔✔-The lagging strand synthesis would be

incomplete.

The leading strands synthesis would barely be affected.

When is DNA is reactive? - ANSWER✔✔-When it is single-stranded

Where does overhang of DNA exist? - ANSWER✔✔-At the 3' end of the lagging strand.

What are the ends of chromosomes called? - ANSWER✔✔-Telomeres

What enzyme prevents shortening? - ANSWER✔✔-Telomerase

Why are cancer cells are immortal? - ANSWER✔✔-Because they have active telomerase.

What does DNA polymerase proofreading do? - ANSWER✔✔-They just kinda "backspace"

What does DNA mismatch repair do? - ANSWER✔✔-Enzymes will "chop out" the problem, then DNA

Polymerase III puts in the right one.

What does nucleotide excision repair do? - ANSWER✔✔-A small region of the strand surrounding the

damage is removed from the DNA helix. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by polymerase and

DNA ligase.

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What can cause mutations? - ANSWER✔✔-•UV light

•X-rays

•Chemicals

Transcription goes from - ANSWER✔✔-DNA to RNA

Translation goes from - ANSWER✔✔-DNA to Proteins

What is a gene? - ANSWER✔✔-Stretches of DNA that code for a protein or functional RNA

What is a genotype determined by? - ANSWER✔✔-The sequence of bases in it's DNA

One gene encodes how many proteins? - ANSWER✔✔-1

mRNA connects DNA to what? - ANSWER✔✔-Proteins

How many amino acids are there? - ANSWER✔✔-20

How many DNA base codes are there? - ANSWER✔✔-4

What are codons? - ANSWER✔✔-Groups of 3 bases

Every three bases codes for how many amino acids? - ANSWER✔✔-1

What is a phenotype? - ANSWER✔✔-An organism's observed properties

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