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MDSC 321 Exam Study Guide Solutions

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MDSC 321 Exam Study Guide Solutions immunology *functional definition* - ANSWERhow many organism interacts with the biological world. every living thing has a form of immunity. immuno provides a set of skills to allow you to question and understand these interactions; formulate answers based on ...

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  • October 30, 2024
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MDSC 321 Exam Study Guide Solutions


immunology *functional definition* - ANSWER✔✔how many organism interacts with the biological

world. every living thing has a form of immunity. immuno provides a set of skills to allow you to question

and understand these interactions; formulate answers based on evidence


immunology *dictionary definition* - ANSWER✔✔from Latin "Immunis" meaning exemption from

service/duty, and later exemption from disease.


MODERN DEFINITION: Science of how our body recognizes itself, and how it produces soluble and

cellular defenses --> cellular defenses to DISEASE


disease - ANSWER✔✔pattern of response of a living organism to some form of injury. immune system

responds to any form of injury


some cellular defenses against... - ANSWER✔✔pathogens, allergies, transplants, mutated cells (cancer) --

> when immune system fails to attack mutated cells, tumour grows.


Thucydides - ANSWER✔✔- man's earliest attempt to define immunity


- *Justinian Plague*: killed 30-50 million about half the population. burned bodies left and right.


- no knowledge of germ theory or disease, that bacteria existed

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- doctors with beak masks and large coat "healed" people. thought to be airborne


- ppl who survived were given the most compassion because they experienced the disease and now had

no fear


- could not be infected again


- first observation of immunization -->. try to formulate answers based on evidence


celsus - ANSWER✔✔*cardinal signs of inflammation* that occur during ALL forms of inflammation.

purposefully done by our immune system to protect us:


- Rubor (redness): more blood cells to site


- Tumor (Swelling): fluid goes to area


- Calor (heat): cells are metabolizing more


- Dolor (pain): immune molecules we secrete kill intruders as well as our own cells. pain stops us from

using that part of the body so we can heal and repair


Galen - ANSWER✔✔5th cardinal sign of inflammation: *Functio Laesa*: loss of function, for our own

protection!! to heal!! and prevent us from harming it some more


chinese in 12th century - ANSWER✔✔inhaled ground crusts (scab powder) from small pox pustules.

contained a weakened live virus. mildly sick but got immunity!


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turks in 12th century - ANSWER✔✔inserted crusts (scab powder) from small pox pustules into small cuts

in skin. dragged scalpels across the body and put powder in the cuts. mildly sick but immune!


smallpox facts - ANSWER✔✔30-80% fatality or 8/10. worst disease ever


lady mary wortley montague - ANSWER✔✔- wife of the British ambassador to Constantinople


- allowed her children to be vaccinated against smallpox, against husband's will


- introduced technique to Britain when she returned and western world


- vaccines were not recognized by western medicine. immunity only occurred in marginalized

communities until HER !


Edward Jenner - ANSWER✔✔- one of the most famous people in immunology


- noticed that military (despite crowded living condition), farmers, and milkmaids never got smallpox.

they worked with horses


- cowpox produced similar symptoms to smallpox.


_ "golden age of immunology" where ethics boards didn't exist. he was able to infect an unwilling boy

with cowpox


- earliest form of immunization and had anti vaxxers


- since 1975, vaccines for smallpox were not given

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John Snow - ANSWER✔✔- cholera outbreak in Broad Street, London. 127 dead in 3 days, 500 by 10 days.


- centred around a public well, which snow thought was contaminated


- once he removed the pump handle so people couldn't drink from that well, outbreak ended


- first example of community based epidemiology where we can track source of infection


cholera - ANSWER✔✔infection from drinking contaminated water. causes diarrhea


Robert Koch - ANSWER✔✔- formulated Koch's Postulates


- discovered that microbes cause wounds to go septic (cause infection and pus-y wounds). if we can keep

microbes out, we would prevent infection


- identified bacteria that causes tuberculosis and cholera


- 1905 Nobel prize


Koch's Postulates - ANSWER✔✔ALL INFECTIONS MUST SATISFY THESE 4 CONDITIONS


- Organism should be constantly present in animals suffering from disease and should not be present in

healthy individuals. everyone w sane disease must have the same infectious thing in them


- The organism must be cultured in pure culture away from the animal body in Petri dish .




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