Lifespan human development - ANSWERan approach to studying human development that examines ways in which individuals grow, change, and stay the same throughout their lives, from conception to death
Physical development - ANSWERbody maturation, including body size, proportion, appearance, health,...
Lifespan Development Exam 1
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Lifespan human development - ANSWERan approach to studying human development that examines
ways in which individuals grow, change, and stay the same throughout their lives, from conception to
death
Physical development - ANSWERbody maturation, including body size, proportion, appearance,
health, and perceptual abilities
Cognitive development - ANSWERmaturation of mental processes and tools individuals use to obtain
knowledge, think, and solve problems
Socioemotional development - ANSWERmaturation of social and emotional functioning, which
includes changes in personality, emotions, personal perceptions, social skills, and interpersonal
relationships
Plasticity - ANSWERa characteristic of development that refers to malleability, or openness to change
in response to experience
Resilience - ANSWERthe ability to adapt to serious adversity
Context - ANSWERunique conditions in which a person develops, including aspects of the physical
and social environment such as family, neighborhood, culture, and historical time period
Cohort - ANSWERa generation of people born at the same time, influenced by the same historical
and cultural conditions
Culture - ANSWERa set of customs, knowledge, attitudes, and values shared by a group of people and
learned through interactions with group members
Continuous development - ANSWERthe view that development consists of gradual cumulative
changes in existing skills and capacities
, Discontinuous development - ANSWERthe view that growth entails abrupt transformations in
abilities and capacities in which new ways of interacting with the world emerge
Nature-nurture issue - ANSWERa debate within the field of human development regarding whether
development is caused by nature (genetics or heredity) or nurture (the physical and social
environment)
Theory - ANSWERan organized set of observations to describe, explain, and predict a phenomenon
Hypothesis - ANSWERa proposed explanation for a phenomenon that can be tested
Psychoanalytic theory - ANSWERa perspective introduced by Freud that development and behavior is
stagelike and influenced by inner drives, memories, and conflicts of which an individual is unaware
and cannot control
Behaviorism - ANSWERa theoretical approach that studies how observable behavior is controlled by
the physical and social environment through conditioning
Classical conditioning - ANSWERa form of learning in which an environmental stimulus becomes
associated with stimuli that elicit reflex responses
Operant conditioning - ANSWERa form of learning in which behavior increases or decreases based on
environmental consequences
Reinforcement - ANSWERin operant conditioning, the process by which a behavior is followed by a
desirable outcome increases the likelihood of a response
Punishment - ANSWERin operant conditioning, the process in which a behavior is followed by an
aversive or unpleasant outcome that decreases the likelihood of a response
Social learning theory - ANSWERan approach that emphasizes the role of modeling and observational
learning over people's behavior in addition to reinforcement and punishment
Observational learning - ANSWERlearning that occurs by watching and imitating models, as posited
by social learning theory
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