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BPS2110 Midterm 2 Exam Questions and Answers 100% Solved

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BPS2110 Midterm 2 Exam Questions and Answers 100% Solved use of isostere - functional group replacements isostere - groups of atoms with similar sterics and electronics. give similar biological activity classical isostere - atoms or groups that have the same valency and similar size help det...

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BPS2110 Midterm 2 Exam Questions and

Answers 100% Solved


use of isostere - ✔✔functional group replacements

isostere - ✔✔groups of atoms with similar sterics and electronics.



give similar biological activity

classical isostere - ✔✔atoms or groups that have the same valency and

similar size



help determine if groups are important for binding



EXAMPLE: OH = F, Cl, SH, NH2, CH3

Non-classical isosteres - ✔✔atoms or groups that have similar chemical

properties (look for similar pka values)



differ in electronics and sterics

,©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
EXAMPLE: OH = SO3H, PO4H, tetrazol

Chain extension/contraction - ✔✔vary linker size to optimize interactions

(binding) of groups at two ends



add of remove carbon atoms

Ring expansion/contraction - ✔✔Vary ring size to improve overlap of

binding groups with their binding regions



use heteroatoms

structure simplification - ✔✔remove parts that don't affect potency



remove stereocenters

stereocenters - ✔✔a carbon with four different atoms or groups of atoms

bonded to it, aka asymmetric carbon or chiral center



avoid; they make manufacturing more complex and requires more testing

Raceimates - ✔✔mixture of both enantiomers (consider enantiomers are

separate compounds)

,©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
easier to make and test



only test single enantiomers once you have a positive test

Pharmacophore - ✔✔The portion of a molecule that determines the

biological effects of a drug



part of the drug that physically interacts with the biomolecule

Antibiotic - ✔✔selective posion for microbes and bacteria



largest impact on quality of life and life expectancy

Paul Erlich - ✔✔developed substance that was selectively harmful to

bacteria but not humans

trypan red - ✔✔effective against trypanosomes which caused sleeping

sickness



trypan red dyes trypanosomes but leaves RBCs alone



Erlich found a biochemical difference between cells that took up dye and

those that didn't

, ©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
Salvarsan 606 - ✔✔treatment for syphillis



replaced N atoms in dye structure with As in drug



poor product because it was very insoluble in water which meant it required

a large dose. if you injected it too fast, the drug precipitated from veins and

stopped circulation. If injected too deep, it caused necrosis

Prontosil - ✔✔Dye that contains sulfa molecule; its use began the practice

of treating diseases with drugs



only effective in vivo

Sulfa drug mechanism of action - ✔✔interferes with bacterial growth



inhibits coenzyme F synthesis which stops bacterial growth (SN2 Rxn)



we don't naturally have CoF in our body so the drug is selective to only

bacteria

Sulfonamides - ✔✔competitive inhibitors of PABA

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