Week 1 Summary & Key points:
1. It is vital to connect social justice theory to advocacy, health disparities and to outcomes.
2. How are outcomes determined?
3. Where can morbidity, mortality, incidence and prevalence data be found at the state and
national level?
a. State Department of health website; NCCDPHP
i. (NCCDPHP) The CDC's National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and
Health Promotion consists of nine divisions that support a variety of
activities that improve the nation's health by preventing chronic diseases
and their risk factors
ii. National, state, and community levels
b. CDC, the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) is considered the nation's
principal health statistics agency
c. CDI - 97 indicators
4. How does social justice and health inequities influence population health care provision?
5. Why is this critical information for the provision of evidence-based care?
6. Are you able to both define and apply key terms, such as: vital statistics, morbidity,
mortality, cases, social justice, epidemiology, population health, incidence, prevalence,
outcomes, inter-professional collaboration, HP2020, determinants of health, risk
analysis?
7. What is the Campaign for Action?
8. Explain the differences between primary
a. Primary prevention refers to preventing disease before it occurs. (prevention and
planning) Usually, primary prevention occurs through application of epidemiological
concepts and databases to assess risk factors and then target those populations in
which there can be the greatest impact on outcomes to ward off impending disease
or unhealthy outcomes. For example, if the APN has assessed epidemiological data
and observes that there is a high incidence and prevalence of lung cancer in those
individuals and populations who smoke before the fifth grade, then this
epidemiological data can be the basis for planning a smoking cessation educational
program for school-age children before the fifth grade.
b. Secondary - Secondary prevention consists of screening and diagnosis of disease.
Secondary prevention is one of the most cost-effective strategies to improve
current health status and prevent chronic, debilitating disease states through
screening of individuals and populations. For example, screening helps APNs
detect a disease once it is present and assist and facilitate the patient or
population to get care for the disease that has been detected. The APN must be
knowledgeable and apply standards of care and accepted national clinical
guidelines to advise the individual or population to undergo preventive screening
that is age appropriate and developmentally appropriate
c. Tertiary intervention - Tertiary prevention consists of interventions aimed at
interventions to facilitate the rehabilitation of the patient to the highest level of
functioning while addressing the risk factors that could further result in the
deterioration of the patient's health. For example, an APN would counsel a patient
who has had a myocardial infarction about the risk factors that could elicit further
debilitation. The client may be encouraged to lose weight and commit to an
appropriate exercise program while being closely monitored for cholesterol levels,
and so on. Certainly a cardiac rehabilitation program could be of value to this
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patient. As stated above, accepted national clinical guidelines should be utilized
as a benchmark for this follow-up care
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