DNA Sequencing - Answer 1. Isolate the DNA from the sample
- PCR is done w/ the thermocycler, dna polymerase, primers, free nucleotides
2. DNA Sequencing begins
- dna strand is denatured to create two strands
,- another pcr but w/ a twist: thermocycler, primers, dna polymerase, free nucleotides,
fluorescent nucleotides
- primers attach, dnap attaches complimentary bases until it reaches a fluroscently
tagged nucleotide
- continues until all nucleotides are gone
3. vertical gel electrophoresis
- sequence separates strands by size and a laser will make the fluorescently tagged
ones glow
- optic creates graph of peaks which tells the dna sequence
4. database to identify identity of sequence using a BLAST
ELISA - Answer color changing test that relies on an enzyme
-it looks for the presence of an antigen or antibody
qualitative: positive or negative for presence, either a color change or none
Quantitative: How much? Serial dilution- concentration
Steps for ELISA - Solution 1. Addition of samples to wells. Proteins- antigens will bind to
the side of wall
2. Washing out unbound proteins
3. Addition of primary antibodies and it will bind to antigen if present
4. Washing out the unbound antibodies
5. Addition of secondary antibody having enzyme tag for color change. Will bind to
primary antibody
6. Washing out the unbound antibodies
7. substrate that binds to enzyme and causes a color change
antigen and antibodies - Answer 1. pathogens have an antigen on the surface
2. triggers the body for an immune response
3. an antibody is produced by the b cell
, 4. bind and destroy antigen and pathogen
Diagnostic Imaging Answer technologies doctors use to look inside your body for clues
about a medical condition; includes X-rays, CT scans, nuclear medicine scans, MRI
scans and ultrasound.
X-Ray Answer noninvasive test used to produce images of inside
- electromagnetic radiation
- radiation increases risk of cancer
- sends photons through body and resulting image is produced
- quick, painless, noninvasive
CT Scan Answer produced inside body images
series of x-rays taken at di erent angles
cross-sectional images of bones and hard tissue
radiation increasing risk
accurate, painless
MRI -Answer magnetic resonance imaging
images of soft tissue
powerful magnets and radiowaves
scans by turning on and o small magnets, the machine receives returning radiowaves
and computer creates image
no risk to safety, no radiation
clastrophobia
bone scan - Answer nuclear imaging test
examine abnormalities in skeleton
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