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Medical Interventions EOC Review Questions And 100% Correct Answers
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Medical Interventions EOC Review Questions And100% Correct Answers
What is the difference between gram (+) bacteria and gram (-) bacteria? Answer Gram
(+) bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan wall and a cell membrane. Gram (-) bacteria
have a thin peptidoglycan wall, a cell membrane, and are covered with
lipopolysaccharides and proteins.
What does a BLAST analysis do? Answer BLAST compares the DNA sequences input
into it to its large database
What does the acronym ELISA stand for, and what is this test used for? -Answer ELISA-
Enzyme-linked-immunosorbant-assay
This test takes advantage of some of the body's natural responses of the immune system
to identify the presence of disease.
What is an antigen? - Answer An antigen is really just a kind of protein that's on the
surface of every living cell- and virus!. Antigens are surface markers that cells use to
identify each other. It's how your body knows that your body cells are really yours and
they are how your body identifies cells and viruses that aren't yours.
What is an antibody? - Answer The job of antibodies is to attach to foreign antigens. By
attaching those foreign antigens are neutralized. That attachment also signals other
types of leukocytes, T lymphocytes to come in and destroy whatever the antibody is
attached to. So antibodies attach to antigens. That is the principle behind an ELISA.
What are the signs and symptoms of meningitis? -Answer Fever; stiff neck; severe
headache; vomiting or nausea with headache; confusion or difficulty concentrating;
sensitivity to light; seizures; fatigue/ difficult to wake up; loss of appetite; skin rashes (in
a few cases)
, What are β-Lactam Antibiotics and what is an example? - Answer Irreversibly inhibit
enzymes involved in the final steps of cell wall synthesis. The enzymes inhibited by these
drugs mediate the formation of the peptide bridges between adjacent strands of
peptidoglycan. These drugs vary in their spectrum of activity; some are more active
against Gram positive bacteria; whereas, others are more active against Gram negative
bacteria; example, Penicillin
What are tetracyclines and what is an example? Answer Reversibly bind to the 30S
ribosomal subunit, blocking the attachment of tRNA to the ribosome and preventing the
continuation of protein synthesis. They are effective against certain Gram positive and
Gram negative bacteria; example, Doxycycline
What are sulfonamides and what is an example? - Answer Inhibit the growth of many
Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. They are structurally similar to
paraminobenzoic acid (PABA), a substrate in the pathway for folic acid biosynthesis.
Because of this similarity, the enzyme that normally binds with PABA preferentially
binds with the sulfonamide drugs, resulting in its competitive inhibition. Human cells are
not affected by these drugs because they lack this enzyme; example, Sulfadiazine
What are fluoroquinolones and what is an example? - Answer Inhibit one or more of a
group of enzymes called topoisomerases, which maintain the supercoiling of the
chromosomal DNA within the bacterial cells. The inhibition of these enzymes prevents
essential cell processes. The fluoroquinolones are active against a wide variety of
bacteria, including both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria; example,
Ciprofloxacin
Starting from the outer ear, trace the pathway of structure to the internal ear. -Answer
1) Pinna -outer ear, 2) external auditory meatus, 3) tympanic membrane-eardrum, 4)
ossicles-malleus, incus, stapes, 4) tympanic cavity, 5) eustachian tube, 5) semicircular
canals, 6) cochlea, 7) vestibular nerve, 8) facial nerve, 9) cochlear nerve, 10) Internal
auditory meatus
Which of the following is indicated by a higher frequency-a higher or lower pitch? A.
Higher pitch
Conductive vs. sensorineural hearing loss? A. Conductive hearing loss-hearing loss of
the outer ear; sensorineural hearing loss-hearing loss of the inner ear
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