BIO 320 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE
SOLUTIONS
Describe all processes by which organisms exchange heat with their environment. - ANSWER-
Radiation, Conduction, Convection, Evaporation
Radiation - ANSWER-*Emission of electromagnetic energy by surface (i.e. sun)
*When objects are warmed by radiation, they...
warms it's boundary layer which reduces heat loss but current of air can disrupt layer and carry away
heat by convection (wind chill)
Evaporation - ANSWER✔✔-*Transformation of water from liquid to gas using heat energy
*Removes heat=cooling effect on organism
*Plants transpire/Animals breathing makes water evaporate from exposed gas exchange surfaces esp. in
higher temp.
Homeotherms - ANSWER✔✔-Maintain constant temperature conditions within the cells.
Poikilotherms - ANSWER✔✔-Does not have constant body temperatures.
Ectotherms - ANSWER✔✔-*Body temp largely determined by external environment
*Usually have low metabolic rates (reptiles, amphibians, plants, insects- those that cant generate or
retain heat to offset heat loss)*Ectotherms adjust temp by altering behavior (moving in/out of shade,
etc)
Endotherms - ANSWER✔✔-*Generate enough metabolic heat to raise body temp higher than external
environment
*Most mammals/birds maintain body temp between 36°C-41°C, despite surrounding temp.
*Maintaining a higher body temp gives them more energy for activity like find food and escape.
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