BIO 182 EXAM 1 | QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS | GRADED A+ | VERIFIED ANSWERS |
LATEST VERSION | ARIZONA STATE
UNIVERSITY
What are the two ingredients are necessary for Natural Selection? ---------
CORRECT ANSWER-----------------1. Phenotypic Selection - Some
phenotypes reproduce more than others.2. Genetic Response - these
phenotypes are at least partially heritable.
True or False #9: According to the model of Blending Inheritance, a mom
with Red eyes and a Dad with white eyes would produce a mixture of
offspring: some with red eyes and some with white eyes. ---------CORRECT
ANSWER-----------------False, it would be a blend of the two, so pink.
What did Hugo de Vries (1848-1935) contribute to science in the context of
Darwinian Evolution? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Hugo de
Vries brought up the idea of mutation. New genes could pop-up from
mutations to provide the necessary genetic variation for Natural Selection.
What would blending inheritance lead to? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------
-----------Blending Inheritance would lead to a decrease in genetic
diversity/variation. (Not a realistic theory for what is really occurring)
True or False #10: According to the theory of blending inheritance, a
mating between a plant that produces round peas and a plant that
produces wrinkled peas would result in offspring that produces slightly
wrinkled peas. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------True
,What is genetic variation? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------
Genetic Variation depends on particles that segregate but do not blend
during reproduction. (Something is passing on that can come back; some
kind of trait. Recessive Gene)
What model did Gregor Johann Mendel (1822-1884) to visualize and
represent genotypes and phenotypes? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------
-------Punnet Square! (Capital Letter reps Dominant Allele; Lower Case
Letter reps Recessive Allele)
True or False #11: If some plants with round peas were heterozygotes
(Aa), then these plants should produce offspring with wrinkled peas when
mated to plants with wrinkled peas (aa). ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------
---------True! (Aa X aa = 2 Aa and 2 aa)
Why do experiments?:1. Why Replicate observations?2. Why Control
conditions?3. Why Randomize Subjects? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------
----------1. Increases reliability of patterns2. Isolates effects of certain
factors3. Decreases bias from uncontrolled factors
What is incomplete dominance? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------
Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele
What is codiminance? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------situation in
which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism
(spotted cows e.g.)
,What is probability? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------likelihood that
a particular event will occur
Will you ever get exactly 75% Dominant phenotype (genotype - AA or Aa)
and 25% recessive phenotype (genotype - aa) with a two heterozygote
parents (Aa)? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------No, because there
will always be discrepancy/imperfection is due to random events.
True or False #12: If two heterozygotes mate to produce two offspring, the
chance that both offspring are homozygous recessive equals 50%. ---------
CORRECT ANSWER-----------------False!
What is a P-Value? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The
probability of the observed deviation from the what we expect or a greater
deviation, when the model is correct. (Due to sampling error not the model,
because the model is correct)
What are continuous genes? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------
traits that are controlled by complex gene expressions, with many different
alleles, often times hundreds of different genes play a factor. The
environment can effect these. E.G. height.
What is heritability? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The
percentage of phenotypic variation determined by the additive effects of the
alleles. E.G. how much will parents' height effect their offspring's height.
, True or False #16: A genotype with many alleles that contribute to height
will be taller than a genotype with many alleles that detract from height. -----
----CORRECT ANSWER-----------------true!
True or False #16: A mutation on a sex chromosome is more likely to
create a novel phenotype in a male than in a female. ---------CORRECT
ANSWER-----------------True! The males only have one "X" chromosome
which means that the mutation on the "X" would be more likely to express
the particular allele.
What are sex linked traits in humans? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------
------Example:When the female has recessive alleles and the male has a
dominant allele, only female offspring will have the recessive phenotype.
What did Sir Ronald Fisher (1890-1962) do for science? ---------CORRECT
ANSWER-----------------Fisher put together Mendelian genetics and
Darwinian Natural Selection and married the two. He put them together
mathematically in a way that argued that you could take alleles that create
continuous traits and could cause these traits to evolve by natural
selection. Additive Model of Genetics; i.e. Height
True or False #18: A trait with heritability of 25% can evolve more rapidly
than trait with a heritability of 50%. ---------CORRECT ANSWER---------------
--False! Natural Selection requires two things: 1) Phenotypic Selection and
2) Heritability. The more heritability your have the more likely that the trait
can evolve.
Thousands of genes contribute to ________ heritable variations? ---------
CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Effects of many alleles sum to cause
continuous heritable variation. (This is why we have the appearance of
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