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The History of Sociology and Sociological Theory
These notes summarize the key points and highlight relevant information that was taught in class. Elements include systematic research and levels of sociology analysis.
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Lecture Notes: Introduction to Sociology and KeyTheorists
Overview of Sociology
• Sociology studies social facts, actions, and relationships.
• Focus is on how individual actions are influenced by larger societal forces.
• Aims to provide a deeper understanding of the world and avoid biases.
Key Theorists and Their Contributions
Émile Durkheim
• Focus: Social Facts
• Study things outside the individual that influence them, such as social
facts.
• Example: Suicide rates as a sociological fact showing social patterns.
• Importance of studying macro-level social indicators like crime rates.
Max Weber
• Focus: Social Actions
• Study specific social actions to understand motivations and contexts.
• Emphasizes understanding social relationships and values.
• Importance of micro-level analysis.
Albion Small
• Focus: Social Relationships
• Study how people connect and co-construct social reality.
• Focus at a meso-level between macro and micro.
C. Wright Mills
• Sociological Imagination:
• Connects personal troubles to societal issues.
• Helps recognize traps set by societal structures.
• Encourages understanding the intersection of biography and history.
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