,1. Multiple Choice: Which of the following hormones is
primarily responsible for the regulation of plasma calcium
concentration?
a) Parathyroid hormone
b) Thyroxine
c) Insulin
d) Glucagon
Correct Answer: a) Parathyroid hormone
Rationale: Parathyroid hormone increases plasma
calcium levels by stimulating osteoclasts to release calcium
from bones, increasing intestinal calcium absorption, and
decreasing renal calcium excretion.
2. Fill-in-the-Blank: The ________ valve prevents backflow
of blood into the left atrium.
Correct Answer: Mitral
Rationale: The mitral valve, also known as the bicuspid
valve, is located between the left atrium and left ventricle
and prevents the backflow of blood during ventricular
contraction.
3. True/False: The sinoatrial node is the primary pacemaker
of the heart.
Correct Answer: True
Rationale: The sinoatrial node sets the pace for the heart
rate by generating electrical impulses that propagate
throughout the heart muscle, initiating contraction.
, b) Metabolism of carbohydrates
c) Synthesis of clotting factors
d) Regulation of blood glucose levels
Correct Answers: a) Production of bile, b) Metabolism of
carbohydrates, c) Synthesis of clotting factors, d)
Regulation of blood glucose levels
Rationale: The liver has multiple roles including the
production of bile for digestion, the metabolism of
carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, the synthesis of blood
clotting factors, and the maintenance of glucose levels in
the blood.
5. Multiple Choice: What is the primary function of the
lymphatic system?
a) Transporting nutrients to the cells
b) Maintaining blood pressure
c) Defending against infection
d) Regulating temperature
Correct Answer: c) Defending against infection
Rationale: The lymphatic system is part of the immune
system and helps protect the body by filtering out
pathogens and participating in the immune response.
6. Fill-in-the-Blank: The smallest functional unit of the
kidney is the ________.
Correct Answer: Nephron
Rationale: The nephron is the basic structural and
functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering blood
and forming urine.
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