Give examples of the properties of skin and mucous membranes that create
the 1st line of defense.
✓ - Tight junction between cells - physical barrier
✓ - Layer of dead keratinized cells on skin - physical barrier
✓ - Frequent shedding of cells - removal of attached pathogens
✓ - Mucous - traps pathogens
✓ - Cilia - mechanically removes pathogens
✓ lysozyme (in mucous, sweat, tears) - breaks down peptidoglycan and
causes lysis of gram positive bacteria
✓ - stomach acid - kills many pathogens
How do normal flora microbes contribute to defending our body at the first
line of defense?
✓ - They compete for nutrients
✓ - Produce acids that lower pH (leads to less favorable growth
condition)
✓ - Produce antibiotics
How does saliva contribute to the first line of defense?
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
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