Exam (elaborations)
4-18 (OT644) DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACH
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4-18 (OT644) DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACH
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4-18 (OT644) DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACHView of humans - Answers- The developing human moves through various sequential
stages of development
Some of these include: intellectual stages, psychosexual stages, psychosocial stages,
moral stages
Hallmarks of the D Framework - Answers- Development is conceptualized as horizontal
or pyramidal as the individual integrates physical, neurophysiological, psychosocial,
psychodynamic, and socio-cultural aspects of self.
Multiple stages or phases occur as the human develops from infancy through childhood,
adolescence, adulthood, and into later life.
Erik Erikson & the theory of Psychosocial Development - Answers- Each sequential
stage (sensitive period) is characterized by a crisis that drives development
Crises must be resolved in order to support development or have "ARRESTED
DEVELOPMENT"
Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development - Answers-
Assumptions about Health (Function) - Answers- Concepts of mastery and
achievement
Resolution of Erikson's crises results in development of hope, will, sense of purpose,
sense of competence, positive self image.
Assumptions about Mental Illness (Dysfunction) - Answers- Dysfunction occurs when
skills that typically develop early in life are missing in later stages of life lessening the
foundation upon which more complex and advanced skills are built.
Stressful life tasks and transitions can lead to self doubt, anxiety/depression, radical
behavior.
***Other Developmental theorists*** TEST!!! - Answers- Bandura: Social learning theory
Piaget: Congitive theory
Watson, Pavlov, Skinner: Behavioral Theory
OT Perspective (Lela Llorens) - Answers- Described OT's role as "a facilitation process
which assists the individual in achieving mastery of life tasks and the ability to cope as
efficiently as possible with the expectations made of him (or her) through the
, mechanisms of selected input stimuli and availability of practice in suitable
environments." (Llorens, 1970)
An OT Perspective: Anne Mosey - Answers- Synthesized an approach to the tx. of
psychosocial dysfunction.
Described seven areas of adaptive skills humans needed to function normally.
Devised a continuum of group interaction skills that describe a hierarchy of small group
social behaviors in five levels.
Mosey's work on the Developmental FOR - Answers- Mosey's Developmental FOR is
specifically concerned with the development of basic adaptive skills that build on each
other and must be learned in proper sequence, beginning with the most elementary
components and moving on the more complex.
Development is interactional: nature AND nurture; organism AND environment; growth
AND development interweaving. The individual is a being who seeks equilibrium
*(i.e. if I don't GET something developmentally, then i'll seek it out)
VVV
Disequilibrium results from changing psychological and physical needs and new
environmental demands-motivates one to learn adaptive skills needed to reestablish a
state of equilibrium.
Mosey's 7 areas of adaptive skills ***TEST*** - Answers- 1. Perceptual-motor skills:
integrate incoming sensory data and reflexes for functional use (birth-age 3)
2. Cognitive skills: Perceive, represent think, solve problems (birth-age 3)
3. Drive object skills: (Freudian) Invest psychic energy in self bond, then individuate;
locate and invest energy in significant others (life span)
4. Dyadic interaction skills: Participate in a variety of dyadic relationships: caregiver
friends authority intimacy nurturing (8 months-30+years)
5. Group interaction skills: Participate in a variety of primary groups (18 months- 18
years)
6. Self-identity skills: Perceive self as autonomous, worthy, continuous over time (9
months-60+years)
7. Sexual identity skills: Perceive one's sexual nature as good participate in long term
sexual relationship oriented to mutual satisfaction (4 years= 60+ years)
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