1. Which1of1the1following1is1true1of1the1microbial1world?
A. All1microbes1are1harmful.
B. Humans1could1survive1without1microbes.
C. Many1microbes1are1helpful.*1(correct1answer)
D. Most1microbes1are1pathogenic.
Difficulty:1Easy
ASM1Standard:123,124
2. Which1of1the1following1is1when1humans1first1suspected1the1existence1of1microbes?
A. during1the1Industrial1Revolution
B. in1prehistoric1times*1(correct1answer)
C. in1the1last1century
D. within1the1last15001years
Difficulty:1Easy1AS
M1Standard:123
3. Which1individual1first1observed1unicellular1organisms,1which1he1called1“animalcules,”1using1
a1microscope1he1developed?
A. Robert1Koch
B. Louis1Pasteur
C. Thucydides
D. Antonie1van1Leeuwenhoek*1(correct1answer)
Difficulty:1Easy1
ASM1Standard:16
4. To1reduce1the1risk1of1open1flame1from1Bunsen1burners,1microbiologists1are1increasingly1using1
which1of1the1following1devices1for1easy,1rapid1benchtop1sterilization1of1small1pieces1of1equip
ment?
A. autoclaves
B. ethylene1oxide
C. incubators
D. microincinerators*1(correct1answer)
5. Which1kingdom1was1the1only1one1found1in1Empire1Prokaryota?
A. Animalia
B. Fungi
C. Monera*1(correct1answer)
D. Protista
Difficulty:1Easy1AS
M1Standard:1N/A
6. The1Swedish1botanist1known1for1having1developed1an1important1biological1classification1
system1is1which1of1the1following1people?
A. Ernst1Haeckel
B. Carolus1Linnaeus*1(correct1answer)
C. Louis1Pasteur
D. Robert1Whittaker
Difficulty:1Easy1AS
M1Standard:1N/A
7. Which1are1the1three1currently1accepted1domains?
A. Archaea,1Bacteria,1and1Eukarya*1(correct1answer)
B. Archaea,1Prokaryota,1and1Eukaryota
C. Bacteria,1Fungi,1and1Protista
D. Bacteria,1Prokaryota,1and1Eukarya
Difficulty:1Easy1AS
M1Standard:1N/A
8. Which1two1taxonomic1units1are1typically1used1to1identify1an1organism1when1using1binomial1
nomenclature?
A. domain1and1kingdom
B. genus1and1family
C. genus1and1species*1(correct1answer)
D. phylum1and1class
Difficulty:1Easy1AS
M1Standard:1N/A
9. Which1of1the1following1is1not1true1about1the1process1of1fermentation?
A. It1can1help1preserve1foods,1preventing1spoilage.
B. It1converts1sugars1to1organic1acids,1alcohols,1and/or1gases1such1as1carbon1dioxide.
C. It1is1carried1out1exclusively1by1unicellular1eukaryotes1such1as1yeast.*1(correct1answer)
D. It1is1used1to1make1foods1such1as1cheese1and1bread.
10. For1which1of1the1following1is1Thucydides1known?
A. developing1an1effective1sewer1system1in1ancient1Greece,1helping1to1reduce1levels1of1
disease1in1cities
B. observing1microbes,1using1a1microscope,1for1the1first1time,1even1distinguishing1between1
bacteria1and1fungi
C. proposing1that1disease1was1caused1by1microorganisms
D. realizing1that1people1who1had1been1infected1by1the1Athenian1plague1had1immunity1to1
reinfection*1(correct1answer)
Difficulty:1Moderate1AS
M1Standard:123,131
11. The1Romans1may1have1reduced1their1risk1of1waterborne1infectious1diseases1by1using1which1of1
the1following?
A. a1variety1of1pharmaceutical1products
B. aqueducts1and1a1sewer1system*1(correct1answer)
C. prophylactic1antibiotics
D. quarantine1of1people1with1leprosy
Difficulty:1Moderate1
ASM1Standard:123
12. Ernst1Haeckel1proposed1a1classification1system1consisting1of1which1of1the1following1
subgroups?
A. five1kingdoms
B. four1kingdoms*1(correct1answer)
C. two1domains1and1three1kingdoms
D. two1domains1and1five1kingdoms
Difficulty:1Moderate1
ASM1Standard:1N/A
13. Viruses1not1included1in1phylogenetic1trees1for1which1of1the1following1reasons?
A. It1is1too1difficult1to1observe1their1characteristics.
B. They1are1acellular1and1nonliving.*1(correct1answer)
C. They1do1not1have1any1genes,1which1prevents1genetic1analysis.
D. They1lack1a1nucleus.
Difficulty:1Moderate1
ASM1Standard:15
14. Which1is1the1best1description1of1the1primary1purpose1of1a1phylogeny?
A. Phylogenies1show1all1the1alterative1names1for1each1species.
B. Phylogenies1show1all1the1common1names1for1each1species.
C. Phylogenies1show1evolutionary1relatedness1between1organisms.*1(correct1answer)
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