TBR-CT - Training From The BACK Of The Room Certified Trainer
TBR-CT - Training from the BACK of the Room Certified Trainer
Exam (elaborations)
PET-CT QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2024
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TBR-CT - Training from the BACK of the Room Certified Trainer
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TBR-CT - Training From The BACK Of The Room Certified Trainer
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4 things you need to know before getting started - answer1. Correct patient with 2
identifiers
2. Medical History
3.Protocol Ordered
4.Reason for the exam
What are the 4 main components of a PET/CT scan? - answer1. FDG amount
2. Injection site
3. Uptake period
4. Imaging protocol
The amount needed for optimal images mostly depends on the type of __________
________ in the scanner. - answer detector material
3 Options based on PATIENT SIZE (FDG Amount) - answer1. Same dose, vary imaging
time
2. Dose ranges based on patient weight
3. Calculate dose for each patient
FDG is injected... - answerIntravenously (IV) or Port (20+ mL flush)
Choice of injection site depends on... (3 things) - answer1. Quality of patient's veins
2. Indication of the scan
3. Central line or Port
3 things to consider during uptake period - answer1. Patient should be resting
2. Patient should be warm
3. Little to no talking or movement
Considerations for uptake time period (3) - answer1. 2hr half life (therefore the longer
the delay before imaging, the fewer the counts in the images or longer scan time)
2. FDG uptake in tumors rises over time
3. The longer the delay, the higher the target-to-background ratio
(45-60 min uptake period)
Imaging protocol is chosen on the___________ __________. - answerclinical question
skull- base to mid thigh imaging protocol is used for - answermost typical for cancer
imaging
,head to toe imaging protocol is used for - answermelanoma, multiple myeloma
brain imaging is used for - answerrecurrent brain tumors, seizure focus, dementia
Why are brain mets difficult to see? - answerhigh level of glucose metabolism (needle in
a haystack)
head and neck imaging protocol is used for - answerusually performed magnified,
longer duration image of head and neck along with scan through body to mid-thigh
arms up or down imaging protocol - answerdepends on area(s) of interest and patient
ability
The CT must line up with the PET image for the image to _________ and for the
____________________ _________________ of the PET images. - answerfusion
attenuation correction
The CT portion time span - answer20-60 seconds
PET portion of exam is done using what method? - answerstep and shoot (moving
every 2-3 minutes)
CT Basics: Define X-ray Tube - answerevacuated container comprised of the anode
and cathode in which x-rays are produced and surrounded by the tube housing, which
provided electrical safety and radiation protection from leakage x-rays
CT basics: Define Anode - answerThe Target--> the positively charged electrode that
attracts free electrons to subsequently produce x-rays; fixed anodes and rotating disk
designs are common
CT Basics: Define Cathode - answerThe Source--> the negatively charged electrode,
typically comprised of a filament, that produces free electrons
kVp (kilovolt peak) - answerthe peak voltage that is applied between the cathode and
anode
mA (milliampere) - answerthe unit of electric current that describes the flow of charge
per second
pitch - answerthe ratio of table movement per resolution over the collimated slice
thickness of one row of a multislice CT detector (spiral). Also known as the table
movement through the scanner
, voltage and current - answerthe 2 primary settings that can be adjusted in the x-ray tube
mAs - answercurrent per second
Energy variation for PET/CT - answer80-140kVp
kVp selection depends on 2 things - answer1. patient size
2. image quality requirements
limited set of energies usually available for CT scanner - answer80,100,120,140
higher energy photons are needed to penetrate large bones therefore higher
_________ setting is required - answerkVp
kVp setting defines - answerthe fraction of photons that will successfully reach the
detectors of the scanner, because higher energy photons are less attenuated by the
body
As energy of photons increase (3) - answer1. more photons reach the detectors
2. less noise in the image
3. radiation exposure to the patient increases
3 Advantages to using a higher kVp - answer1.greater penetration through the body
2. decrease in noise
3. reduction in beam hardening artifacts
2 Disadvantages of using a higher kVp - answer1. higher dose to patient
2. reduction in tissue density difference
CT Current Variation (4) - answer1. there is a proportional increase in the number of x-
rays, at all energies, when the current is increased
2. in planar x-ray, current setting is in mAs, meaning mA is multiplies by exposure time
in
seconds
3. in CT, current setting is in mAs, meaning mA is multiplied by rotation time in seconds
4. range of currents used in CT are typically 50-400 mA; operator is not limited to a few
presets
As current increases (3) - answer1. decrease in image noise
2. increase in contrast resolution
3. increase in radiation dose to patient
CT Voltage and Current Relationship Rule - answerRule is that a decrease of
approximately 15% in kVp roughly equivalent to DOUBLING the mAs
CT can be enhanced with (3) - answer1. oral contrast
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