POLS 1101- American Government Final Exam
Questions and Answers Latest Update 2024-
2025
Interest groups ANS✔✔ are organized groups of individuals who share some
political goals and try to influence public policy decisions
Lobbyists ANS✔✔ represent interest groups, often called lobbies
key roles played by interest groups ANS✔✔ representative, participation,
education, agenda building, and program monitoring
Most Americans ANS✔✔ Who distrust interest groups, yet they have grown
over recent years?
How interest groups form ANS✔✔ -When individuals are threatened by
change, they may band together in an interest group. This is the premise of
disturbance theory
-In practice, an interest group entrepreneur must convince potential
members to join
-The higher the socioeconomic level of potential members, the more likely
they are to band together
Political Action Committee (PAC) ANS✔✔ contributions can facilitate access
to policymakers
, Solution 2024/2025
Pepper
Members ANS✔✔ -are a valuable resource. Interest groups must work to
maintain and recruit members while trying to avoid the free-rider problem
-Among the most important resources for interest groups are well-
connected lobbyists.
Grassroots lobbying ANS✔✔ involves rank-and-file members with
policymakers through letter-writing campaigns, phone calls, email, and
political protests
Information campaigns ANS✔✔ include public relations efforts and
sponsoring research
Coalition building ANS✔✔ combines the resources of several organizations
pluralist democracy ANS✔✔ government should listen to the views of all
major interests as it develops policy
framers ANS✔✔ wanted to prevent the concentration of power but create a
strong union
house and senate ANS✔✔ share similar powers to declare war, raise an
army or navy, borrow and coin money, regulate interstate commerce,
create federal courts, establish rules for the naturalization of immigrants,
and make all laws
senators ANS✔✔ Each state has two __________ serving six-year terms that
are staggered and a number of representatives based on population as
determined by the census
, Solution 2024/2025
Pepper
House ANS✔✔ has the power to initiate revenue bills and to impeach
senate ANS✔✔ has the power to confirm presidential appointees, ratify
treaties, and try case impeachments
Voters ANS✔✔ -usually re elect incumbents, whose electoral advantages
come from gerrymandering during redistricting, name recognition, franking,
the benefits gained through casework, and greater financial contributions
that challenges
-Many believe descriptive representation is important, and laws have been
enacted to encourage minority representation
congressional agenda ANS✔✔ -is the broad, imprecise, and unwritten set of
all the issues that Congress is considering
-includes both recurrent issues such as the national debt and foreign aid,
but also new issues that may emerge due to a highly visible event or
interest group participation
formal legislative process ANS✔✔ begins when a member introduces a bill,
which is a proposal for a new law
four types of Committees ANS✔✔ Standing, joint, select, and conference
Standing committees ANS✔✔ are the predominant committees. They
specialize in a particular area of legislation, for which they collect
information on an issue, hold hearings, and debate and amend legislation in
markup sessions
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