NR 602 Midterm Pregnancy & contraception Questions
With Complete Solutions
(blank) meaning the same dose of hormones are in all of the
active pills, are preferable to women who are interested in
controlling cycle lengths.
For example, a woman who is planning a vacation that will fall
during the time of her period (non-active pill days) may skip the
placebo week to avoid menstrual bleeding
Only X pills should be used for women who are interested in
continuous use
Endometriosis-continuous use are most effective in reducing
severe symptoms (skip placebo week); must use x pills Correct
Answer monophasic
(blank) releases 20 mcg of levonorgestrel daily & can be left in
place for 5 yrs.
many females experience a notable difference in menstrual flow
or amenorrhea that may be more pronounced over time.
Normal endometrial function typically returns w/in 1-3 mos.
after discontinuation
Mirena®, Skyla® and Liletta® are IUDs that contain
levonorgestrel. They are also referred to as LNG-IUSs
(levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system); slightly more
effective than Cu-IUDs;
Mirena® is effective for up to 5 years, Skyla® and Liletta® for
up to 3 years; increases cervical mucus to make sperm
penetration more difficult
, Contraindications: Active PID or within the last year, suspected
or confirmed pregnancy, STD, uterine or cervical abnormality,
undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, cancer or history of ectopic
pregnancy
Risks: Endometrial and pelvic infections (first few months after
insertion), uterine perforation, heavy or pr Correct Answer
features of Intrauterine Progestin i.e. Mirena, Skyla® and
Liletta®
(softening of lower uterine segment) Correct Answer Probable
Signs of pregnancy: Hegar's sign
Amenorrhea:
o Highly suggestive of preg. in a healthy fem w/ regular &
predictable period. Difficult to determine in a female w/
irregular periods or in those who do not keep track of their
menstrual cycles
Nausea & vomiting:
o Common symptom (~50% of pregnancies) typically occurring
between 2- 16 wks. gest
Breast engorgement & darkening of areolas:
o Occurs as early as 6-8 wks. gest
Breast tenderness
Fatigue
Urinary Frequency
Slight increase in body temperature:
o Rise in temp. coincides w/ luteal phase & is the result of
progesterone
"Quickening":
, o Mother feels baby's movements for 1st time; starts @ 16 wks
some say btw 18-20 wks Correct Answer Presumptive Signs of
pregnancy
are used continuously; no hormone-free interval
Minimal effects on coagulation factors, BP, or lipid levels & are
generally considered safer for fem. w/ contraindications to
estrogen, such as CV risk factors, migraine w/ aura, or a hx of
VTE
unscheduled bleeding occurs most frequently during the first 6
mos., w/ a substantial number of users becoming amenorrheic
by 12 mos.
Overall blood loss decreases over time
protective against iron-deficiency anemia.
All are likely to improve menstrual symptoms, including
dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, premenstrual syndrome, & anemia
The thickening of cervical mucus is protective against PID.
Correct Answer Progestin-Only Contraceptives Advantages
Blueish coloration of the vagina & cervix (6-8 wks) Correct
Answer Probable Signs of pregnancy: Chadwick sign
breastfeeding
Menarche to <18 years
18-45 years
>45 years
Nulliparous & Parous
<21 days postpartum & 21 to <30 days postpartum * benefits
outweigh risks
30-42 days postpartum & >42 days regardless of VTE risk
Postabortion
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