Mesangial cells - ANSWER: contractile cells that help regulate glomerular filtration
Glomerular endothelial cells - ANSWER: Synthesize nitric oxide (a vasodilator).
Synthesize endothelin-1 (a vasoconstrictor).
Regulate glomerular blood flow
proximal tubule - ANSWER: first section of the renal tubule that the blood flows
through; reabsorption of water, ions, and all organic nutrients. ENHANCE
REABSORPTION
Loop of Henle - ANSWER: Transport solutes and water, contributes to the hypertonic
state of renal medulla
distal tubule - ANSWER: adjusts acid-base balance by excreting acid into the urine
and forming new bicarbonate ions
collecting duct - ANSWER: reabsorbs sodium and water and excrete potassium and
intercalated cells that secrete hydrogen or Vicats and potassium
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) - ANSWER: Directly related to the perfusion
pressure in the glomerular capillaries
GFR - ANSWER: If mean arterial pressure decreases or vascular resistance increases,
then the renal blood flow decreases and so does GFR
myogenic mechanism - ANSWER: As systemic pressure declines, glomerular
perfusion increases. An increase in systemic pressure decreases glomerular
perfusion.
Tubuloglomerular feedback - ANSWER: When sodium filtration increases GFR
decreases. Macula densa cells stimulate afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction.
Proximal tubules - ANSWER: Automatically adjust their rate of reabsorption of
sodium and water to balance the change in GFR
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