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CLEP Biology Exam Questions and Answers
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CLEP Biology Exam Questions and Answers
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CLEP Biology Exam Questions and Answers_____ associates with proteins to form ribosomes, which support and help catalyze
protein synthesis - ANSWER-rRNA
_____ carries a protein-encoding gene's information. - ANSWER-mRNA
_______ are the sequences of DNA that encode a cell's proteins. - ANSWER-Genes
__________ are essential elements other than C, H, O, and N. - ANSWER-Minerals
__________ have a great variety of functions, participating in all the work of the cell. -
ANSWER-Proteins
____________ ____________ is a biochemical pathway that extracts energy from
glucose in the presence of oxygen. - ANSWER-Aerobic respiration
(In photosynthesis) Electrons from chlorophyll are replaced with electrons from water.
what is the waste product? - ANSWER-O2
2 Broadest taxonomic levels - ANSWER-Domain and Kingdom
3 domains of life - ANSWER-Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya
3 types of RNA participate in gene expression. What are they? - ANSWER-mRNA
rRNA
tRNA
5 features that ALL cells have in common. - ANSWER-1. DNA
2. RNA
3. Ribosomes (that build proteins)
4. Cytoplasm
5. Cell Membrane (interface between the cell and the outside environment)
6 Characteristics that make up life - ANSWER-Organization
Energy use
Internal Consistency
Reproduction
Development
Evolution
A chloroplast includes a gelatinous matrix called the - ANSWER-stroma
,A community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their
environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. -
ANSWER-Ecosystem
A protein's 3-d shape is vital to what? - ANSWER-Its function.
(A denatured protein has a ruined shape)
a scientific hypothesis often leads to ___________ - ANSWER-specific predictions
A second tRNA binds to the next condon, and its amino acid bonds with what? -
ANSWER-the amino acid that the first tRNA brought in.
** The mRNA moves down the molecule as the chain grows
Achaea share some characteristics with bacteria andeukaryotes but also have unique
_________ and chemistry. - ANSWER-structures
Acid - ANSWER-Adds H+ to a solution
Acidic solutions have a pH _________ - ANSWER-below 7
activation energy - ANSWER-the energy that an atomic system must acquire before a
process (such as an emission or reaction) can occur. "catalysts are said to reduce the
energy of activation during the transition phase of a reaction"
activation energy - ANSWER-the energy that an atomic system must acquire before a
process (such as an emission or reaction) can occur. "catalysts are said to reduce the
energy of activation during the transition phase of a reaction"
active transport - ANSWER-movement of solutes against a gradient and requires
expenditure of energy (usually ATP).
Active transport requires what? - ANSWER-Energy input
Adaptation - ANSWER-Inherited characteristic of an organism that enhances its survival
and reproduction in a specific environment.
Adhesion - ANSWER-The clinging of one substance to another. Cohesion refers to
water molecules sticking to each other, while adhesion refers to water molecules
sticking to other substances. Other liquids have fewer interactions between the
molecules.
Adhesion, - ANSWER-the clinging of one substance to another.
Aerobic Respiration yields much more ATP than __________ alone. - ANSWER-
Glycolysis
,After collecting data and making conclusions based on the evidence, an investigator
may seek to publish scientific results. _______ __________ ensures that published
studies are high in quality - ANSWER-Peer review
After transcription, the cell adds a cap and poly A tail to the mRNA. __________ are cut
out of RNA, and the remaining ______ are spliced together. The finished mRNA
molecule leaves the nucleus. - ANSWER-Introns
Exons
aldehyde - ANSWER-the name for a carbonyl group (c=o) located at either end of a
carbon skeleton.
aldehyde - ANSWER-the name for a carbonyl group (c=o) located at either end of a
carbon skeleton.
Alkaline solutions have a pH ___________ - ANSWER-between 7 and 14
All forms of passive transport involve what? - ANSWER-diffusion
All matter can be broken down into pure substances called ___________. - ANSWER-
Elements
alpha helix - ANSWER-the spiral shape resulting from the coiling of a polypeptide in a
protein's secondary structure
alpha helix - ANSWER-the spiral shape resulting from the coiling of a polypeptide in a
protein's secondary structure
Although the cytoskeleton occurs only in eukaryotic cells, bacteria do have _________
__________ that help control cell shape. - ANSWER-Actinlike proteins
amino group - ANSWER-composed of a nitrogen bonded to two hydrogen atoms and
the carbon skeleton
amino group - ANSWER-composed of a nitrogen bonded to two hydrogen atoms and
the carbon skeleton
amphipathic molecule - ANSWER-a molecule with both polar (hydrophilic) and nonpolar
(hydrophobic) regions.
amphipathic molecule - ANSWER-a molecule with both polar (hydrophilic) and nonpolar
(hydrophobic) regions.
An _______ is an atom that has gained or lost electrons. - ANSWER-ion
, An element's _________ __________ reflects the average mass number of all isotopes,
weighted by the proportions in which they naturally occur. - ANSWER-Atomic Mass
An organism's ___________ is all of the DNA in its cells. - ANSWER-Genome
Anchoring junctions - ANSWER-protein attachments between adjacent animal cells.
Anchoring junctions are "spot welds" that secure ________________ - ANSWER-cells
in place
Anion, - ANSWER-A negatively charged Ion
Anion, - ANSWER-A negatively charged Ion
Are eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells larger? - ANSWER-Eukaryotic
Asexual reproduction yields what kind of offspring? - ANSWER-Virtually identical copies
atomic mass, - ANSWER-Total mass of an atom. = approximately the mass number.
atomic mass, - ANSWER-Total mass of an atom. = approximately the mass number.
Atomic Number is the number of ______ in an element - ANSWER-protons
atomic number, - ANSWER-The number of protons in an element. 2He means there are
2 protons in the nucleus of helium. Equal number of electrons unless noted.
atomic number, - ANSWER-The number of protons in an element. 2He means there are
2 protons in the nucleus of helium. Equal number of electrons unless noted.
Atoms in a NONPOLAR COVALENT BOND share electrons __________. - ANSWER-
Equally
ATP is too ________ for long term storage - ANSWER-unstable
Autotrophs - ANSWER-Produce their own organic molecules from atmospheric CO2.
Ex. Plants, algae, and some bacteria
Bacteria cells are structurally simple but they are also __________ and _________. -
ANSWER-Abundant
Diverse
Base - ANSWER-Adds OH- or removes H+
Because of heat losses, all ecosystems require constant energy input from an outside
source. What is this source? - ANSWER-The sun, typically.
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