handy revision guide for learning about Richard Cromwell and the Restoration of Charles II, with detailed notes on the events that happened in this period
applicable to the OCR A level unit: Source- The Execution of Charles I and the Interregnum 1646–1660 and any unit based on richard cromwell
Richard lacked political understanding
Cromwell in a financial crisis
never fought with the army and was unable to count on the loyalty of the commanders
lacked confidence
relied on conservatives and Presbyterians
easily manipulated
alienated army and Republicans
wasn’t prepared to put up a fight
Recall of the Attitude of Rump
Rump determined to assert civilian superiority and claimed legitimacy {top power}
army made several demands that Rumpers were unwilling to bring about
wanted to undermine the army, purged army of moderates {and Richard supporters} and promoted
Republicans
seen as v radical
remodelled country’s militia to place local defence in hands of its supporters so some local militia was
controlled by extremists
Presbyterian/Royalist Uprisings
wanted to divide the army
Sir George Booth- led a rebellion, wanted free Parliament {elections}, hoped Charles would get support
from Spain but no Spanish regiments available
Col John Lambert- suppressed the rebellion& Booth surrendered
Dissolution of Rump
radicals couldn’t agree on reforms for the country
Lambert- raised a petition to reduce Rump’s authority and promote army leaders
rump tried to undermine army by dismissing officers like Desborough
13th October 1659- regiments loyal to Lambert used to keep Rump MP’s out of Parliament
Committee of October-November 1659
Safety 1659 officers wanted army leaders and civilian collaborators to run the country
Monck {commander of army}
disliked army’s decision to dissolve Rump
declared his support for Rump
feared military dictatorship would lead to even more radical actions
purged officers that disagreed with him
negotiated with expelled Rumpers that invited him to bring his army to London
Committee of Safety
authorised Lambert to resist Monck
Chaos
violent riots broke out in Dec
26th December- Rump back in Commons
Monck’s collapse of army
Advantages Lambert- moved his army towards Scotland to counter Monck, large numbers deserted and unable to see
how they would be paid
Fleetwood- his soldiers stated that they would not fight, causing him to surrender and go into retirement
his background
believed that military should be subject to authority of the government, meaning that people who were
disenchanted with army rule were more likely to support and trust him
astute {ability to accurately assess situation} and was ambiguous with what he wanted as he stated that he
wanted to restore civil authority, which could mean restoring the Rump, bringing back purged members of
parliament or restoring the King
his army
was strong and consisted of 10,000 men from Scotland
treated his soldiers well and built up a loyal and disciplined force
tactic
waited to see how public opinion would develop and was clear before he acted
had little intention of bringing back the King, as he was more concerned about the growth of radicalism
wanted a civilian government but without a King or HOL but also was writing to London to ask for help in
restoring a free Parliament
Monck in 3rd Feb- marched South with army, where Haselrig believed Monck would bring the King back
London Monck arranged for the purged MP’s to return and they made him Commander in Christ, where they
dissolved themselves and called new elections {RESTORATION OF KING WAS MORE LIKELY}
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