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NUR 1600 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) EXAM 4 | (ACTUAL EXAM ) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (SOLVED)
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NUR 1600 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) EXAM 4 | (ACTUAL EXAM ) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (SOLVED)
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NUR 1600 EXAM 41. Vulnerable Populations
populations at risk for developing severe medical problems due to substandard healthcare, poor
health literacy, and higher rate of communicable diseases
2. Examples of vulnerable populations
working poor, elderly, homeless, racial/ethnic minorities, uninsured
3. Breast cancer risk factors
-female 99%
-age, risk increases w age
-race/ ethnicity
white women
-mutation of BRCA 1 BRCA 2- (5-10% women) (5-20% men)
-family history- mother/sister 1st degree relative
-personal medical history
-reproductive history
-breast density
-estrogen replacement therapy
-obesity
-alcohol intake
-long menstrual history
-first pregnancy after 30
4. Breast cancer average risk
no personal health history of breast cancer no strong family history
,no genetic predisposition
no radiation to chest before age 30 no illness/syndrome predisposition breast cancer assessment
tool <20%
5. Breast cancer high risk
breast cancer assessment tool >20-25%
BRCA gene mutation or relative with gene had chest radiation before age 30
history of illness or syndromes
6. Healthy people 2020 breast cancer guidelines
reduce female breast cancer death rate
reduce late stage breast cancer
increase proportion of women who receive breast cancer screening and women who were
counseled by providers about mammograms
7. American cancer society breast cancer guidelines for women with average risk
women 40-44
optional mammogram every year
women 45-54
yearly mammogram
women 55+
mammogram every other year no MRI needed
screenings should continue as long as woman is in good health and expected to live at least 10
more years
,8. asymptomatic women with negative history screening recommendation
-
40-49
individual/ provider decides 50-74
every 4 years
75+
no benefit
monthly breast self exam no longer recommended for cancer screenings
9. BRCA related risk assessment
women with family members with breast, ovarian, tubal, peritoneal cancer
screened for family history associated with increased risk for genetic mutations
women with + screening for family history associated with increased risk for BRCA 1/2 should
receive genetic counseling and if indicated BRCA screening
10. Normal breast assessment findings
breast symmetry in size and shape no tissue dimpling, retraction, bulging
no erythema/inflammation no discoloration
skin texture smooth
areolae
round, symmetrical, even in color no discharge from nipple
, no enlarged axillary lymph nodes no lumps or masses
no pain w exam
no supernumerary nipple
11. Breast cancer signs and symptoms
asymmetry or change in size swelling of all or any part
irregular shape/color/areola/nipple nipple retraction
discharge
thickening of skin / nipple erythema or redness enlarged axillary lymph nodes new lumps/
masses
hard fixed lumps lump usually painless
12. breast cancer primary prevention
healthy lifestyle to decrease modifiable risks
physical activity
decrease weight/ obesity decrease alcohol intake Breast self awareness
13. breast cancer secondary prevention
early detection screenings per guidelines
mammograms
early diagnosis and treatment
14. breast cancer tertiary prevention
coping post treatment sexuality concerns
reproductive concerns
15. Healthy people 2020 guidelines for cervical cancer
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