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Psychology 200 Exam 1 Study Guide Questions and Answers 2024 Update
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Psychology 200 Exam 1 Study Guide Questions and Answers 2024 Update
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Psychology 200: Exam 1 Study Guide Questionsand Answers 2024 Update
Developmental Science - (correct answer) -An interdisciplinary study of the constancy and change throughout the lifespan.
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Why is the term interdisciplinary important to the definition of the term "developmental lifespan"? - (correct answer) -
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Interdisciplinary refers to the vast number of fields that have joined forces in order to study the psychology behind the
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lifespan. Psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists, biologists, and neuroscientists have all contributed their efforts toward
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the overarching branch of developmental psychology.
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What is the role of theories in understanding human development? - (correct answer) -1) Theories describe how/why a
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behavior takes place and have been proven time and time again. 2) Theories might also give us guidance as to how to
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improve the welfare and treatment of people in every age range.
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What issues do theories help us to understand about lifespan psychology? - (correct answer) -1) Continuous vs.
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Discontinuous: Do people develop in stages or on a gradual curve?
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2) One Course of Development vs. Many: Do people follow the same course of development, or do their own personal
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contexts (backgrounds) change their developmental pathway?
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3) Nature vs. Nurture: Which has a larger impact?
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Plasticity - (correct answer) -Openness of developmental changes due to an influential experience.
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What is assumed within the lifespan perspective of development? - (correct answer) -Development is...
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1) Lifelong
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2) Multi-dimensional and directional
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3) Highly plastic
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4) Affected by multiple sources
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What three forces act upon the lifespan perspective of development? - (correct answer) -1) Age-Graded
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2) History-Graded
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3) Nonnormative
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Age-Graded Influences on Development - (correct answer) -An influence on lifespan development that is
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determined by age and therefore easily predicted when they occur and how long they last.
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History-Graded Influences on Development - (correct answer) -An influence on lifespan that is determined by a unique
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historical era and can explain why those who grew up in the same time period have different ideas than those born in other
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times.
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Nonnormative Influences on Development - (correct answer) -An influence on lifespan that is unique to one or a few people
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and does not follow a pattern.
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Ecological System Theory - (correct answer) -Bronfenbrenner's approach, which views the
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person as developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment,
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from immediate set-
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tings of family and school to broad cultural values and programs. (Directly from Text Glossary)
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Microsystem - (correct answer) -The innermost portion of the ecological system theory that describes activities and
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interactions within a person's immediate surroundings.
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- Example: Immediate family
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,Mesosystem - (correct answer) -The second portion of the ecological system theory that describes how microsystems interact
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with each other.
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- Example: Academic Success = Cooperation/Effort in Class + Parental Influence
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Exosystem - (correct answer) -The third portion of the ecological system theory that encompasses social surroundings that do
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not involve the developing person but effect their development nonetheless.
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- Example: Work Setting/Support, Parent's social group, active extended family.
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Macrosystem - (correct answer) -The outermost portion of the ecological system theory that consists of culture, religion, laws,
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customs, and resources.
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- Example: A government that provides a generous plan for retirees.
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Chronosystem - (correct answer) -In ecological systems theory, temporal changes in environments, either externally imposed
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or arising from within the person, that produce new conditions affecting development. Distinguished
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from microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem. (Definition directly from textbook glossary).
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Naturalistic Observation - (correct answer) -A research method in which a researcher will go into the field, or a natural
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environment, and record for the behavior of interest.
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- Pro: Show's patients in their natural environment.
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- Con: Condition's cannot be controlled
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Structured Observation - (correct answer) -Observation of a patient under controlled conditions in a laboratory.
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Pro: Gives participants an equal chance to display the intended behavior
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Con: Does not yield observations of patients in their natural environment.
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Cincial Interviews - (correct answer) -Flexible interviewing procedure in which a researcher asks a set of questions in a
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conversational style to probe the patient to share their point of view.
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Pro: Comes as close as possible to capturing how patients truly feel about a topic.
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Con: May not result in an accurate representation of information (miscommunication)
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Structured Interviews - (correct answer) -A research method in which each participant is asked the same set of questions in
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the same manner.
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Pro: Permits comparison of participants' responses for data analysis.
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Con: Does not yield the same depth of information as a clinical interview.
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Case Study - (correct answer) -To obtain a complete picture of an individual's psychological functioning in society.
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Pro: Provides rich insight to factors that contribute to development.
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Con: Finding's are unique to the individual being studied, and cannot be exactly compared/generalized.
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Ethnography - (correct answer) -Study of a culture or distinct social group by immersing oneself into that culture.
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Pro: Provides more detail than can be taken from one observational encounter.
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Con: Researcher might be biased, or report inaccurately due to varying values and theoretical preferences.
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Cross-Sectional Research Design - (correct answer) -Participants of differing ages studied at the same point in time.
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Strengths: Participant drop out is not a problem. ty ty ty ty ty ty ty
Weakness: Does not permit the study of individual developmental trends. ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty
Longitudinal Design - (correct answer) -Some participants are studied repeatedly at different ages.
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Strengths: Study of participants among multiple age groups is possible.
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Weakness: Participant dropout/death. ty ty
Sequential - (correct answer) -Several similar cross-sectional or longitudinal studies are conducted at varying times.
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Strengths: Tracks age related changes effectively. ty ty ty ty ty
Weakness: Participant dropout/does not permit the study of developmental trends.
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Protection from Harm - (correct answer) -- Research Right ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty
- Patients have the right to be protected from physical, mental, or emotional harm.
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