10/28/24, 5:32 AM 2024 Newest|NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology|COMPREHENSIVE MOST TESTED QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED SO…
2024 Newest|NURS 5315 Advanced
Pathophysiology|COMPREHENSIVE MOST
TESTED QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS|GET IT 100% ACCURATE!!
Terms in this set (140)
Peritoneal surfaces, omentum (fold of peritoneum
Ovarian cancer site of
connecting the stomach with other abdominal
metastasis?
organs), liver
1. Pyruvate --> lactic acid, causing lactic acidosis
2. Oxaloacetate --> malate. This prevents
gluconeogenesis and leads to hypoglycemia
The increased 3. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate --> glycerol 3-
NADH/NAD+ ratio in the phosphate and combines with fatty acids to form
liver from ethanol causes: triglycerides in the liver, known as hepatosteatosis
4. Decreases citric acid cycle production of NADH
and leads to using Acetyl-CoA for ketogenesis and
lipogenesis
Heart disease, Alzheimers, Parkinsons, Amyotrophic
Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), CV disease, HTN, HLD, DM,
What can Reactive ischemic heart disease, HF, OSA. Lipid perioxidation,
Oxygen Species cause? damage proteins, fragment DNA, less protein
synthesis, chromatin destruction, damage
mitochondria
What is the body's Antioxidants (Vitamin E, Vitamin C, cysteine,
defense against ROS? glutathione, albumin, ceruloplasmin, transferrin)
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, 10/28/24, 5:32 AM 2024 Newest|NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology|COMPREHENSIVE MOST TESTED QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED SO…
1. Normal cellular respiration
2. Absorption of extreme energy sources (radiation,
UV light)
How are free radicals 3. Metabolism of exogenous chemicals, drugs, and
produced? pesticides
4. Transition of metals
5. Nitric oxide acting like a chemical mediator and a
free radical
Process of conducting an impulse. Activates the
action potential neuron --> the neuron depolarizes --> then
repolarizes
Point at which depolarization must reach in order to
Threshold potential
initiate an action potential
HYPERpolarized (more negative, ex. -100). Less
Hypokalemia and action excitable. Decreased neuromuscular excitability:
potentials weakness, smooth muscle atony, paresthesia,
cardiac dysrhythmias
HYPOpolarized (more positive, ex: closer to 0).
More excitable. Peaked T waves.
Hyperkalemia and action
When resting membrane potential=threshold
potentials
potential, it is BAD = cardiac standstill, paresthesia,
paralysis
Increased permeability to Na+. More excitable.
Hypocalcemia and action
Tetany, hyperreflexia, circumoral paresthesia,
potentials
seizures, dysrhythmias.
Decreased permeability to Na+. Less excitable.
Hypercalcemia and
Weakness, hyporeflexia, fatigue, lethargy, confusion,
action potentials
encephalopathy, depressed T waves
Occurs as a result of decrease in work load,
pressure, use, blood supply, nutrition, hormonal
stimulation, or nervous stimulation. Once the cell
has decreased in size, it has now compensated for
Atrophy
decreased blood supply, nerve supply, nutrient
supply, hormonal supply, and has achieved new
homeostasis. Cells are alive but have diminished
function and may lead to cellular death.
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