Associationism (Aristotle) correct answers The principle that memory depends on the formation of linkages ("associations") between pairs of events, sensations, and ideas, such that recalling or experiencing one member of the pair elicits a memory or anticipation of the other.
contiguity, frequen...
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Associationism (Aristotle) correct answers The principle that memory depends on the formation
of linkages ("associations") between pairs of events, sensations, and ideas, such that recalling or
experiencing one member of the pair elicits a memory or anticipation of the other.
contiguity, frequency, similarity correct answers What are Aristotle's three principles of
associationism?
Dualism (Descartes) correct answers The principle that the mind and body exist as separate
entities.
Descartes correct answers Who believed the body worked through a system of hydraulics and
switches?
natural selection (survival of the fittest) correct answers A proposed mechanism for evolution
which holds that species evolve when there is some trait that varies naturally across individuals,
is inheritable, and increases an individual's "fitness," or chance of survival and reproductive
success.
Classical Conditioning (Pavlov) correct answers A type of learning in which the organism learns
to respond with a conditioned response (CR) to a previously neutral stimulus (the CS) that has
been repeatedly presented along with an unconditioned stimulus (US); also called Pavlovian
conditioning.
Law of Effect (Thorndike) correct answers The observation, made by Thorndike, that the
probability of a particular behavioural response increases or decreases depending on the
consequences that have followed that response in the past.
Behaviourism (Watson) correct answers A school of thought that argues that psychology should
restrict itself to the study of observable behaviours (such as lever presses, salivation, and other
measurable actions) and not to seek to infer unobservable mental processes.
Radical Behaviorism (Skinner) correct answers An extreme form of behaviourism holding that
consciousness and free will are illusions and that even so-called higher cognitive functions (e.g.,
human language) are merely complex sets of stimulus response associations.
Operant (instrumental) Conditioning (Thorndike) correct answers A method of learning that
occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an
individual makes an association between a particular behavior and a consequence.
Latent Learning (Tolman) correct answers Learning that is undetected (latent) until explicitly
demonstrated at a later stage.
, Cognitive psychology correct answers A subfield of psychology that focuses on human abilities -
such as thinking, language and reasoning -that are not easily explained by a strictly behaviourist
approach.
Connectionist models correct answers Networks of uniform and unlabelled connections between
simple processing units called nodes.
cognitive map correct answers An internal psychological representation of the spatial layout of
the external world.
Contiguity correct answers The tendency to perceive two things that happen close together in
time as being related.
Distributed representation correct answers A representation in which information is coded as a
pattern of activation distributed across many different nodes
Empiricism correct answers the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science
should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation
experimental psychology correct answers the branch of psychology concerned with the scientific
investigation of basic psychological processes such as learning, memory, and cognition in
humans and animals.
instrumental conditioning (operant conditioning) correct answers occurs when we learn to
perform behaviours that produce positive outcomes and avoid those that yield negative outcomes
Cerebral cortex correct answers The brain tissue covering the top and sides of the brain in most
vertebrates; involved in storage and processing of sensory inputs and motor outputs.
Frontal lobe correct answers part of the cerebral cortex involved in reasoning, motor control,
emotion, and language; enables a person to plan and perform actions.
Parietal lobe correct answers The part of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the human brain'
important of processing somatosensory (touch) information
Temporal lobe correct answers The part of the cerebral cortex lying at the sides of the human
brain; important for language and auditory processing and for learning new facts and forming
new memories of events.
Occipital lobe correct answers The part of the cerebral cortex lying at the rear of the human
brain; important for visual processing.
Cerebellum correct answers A brain region lying below the cerebral cortex in the back of the
head. It is responsible for the regulation and coordination of complex voluntary muscular
movement, including classical conditioning of motor-reflex responses.
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