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MEDSCI 142 Final Review Exam Questions And Answers(Revised and Updated).

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  • MEDSCI 142

Three protective layers of the kidney - Answer 1. Renal capsule: physical barrier, protection against trauma. Maintains shape of the kidney 2. Adipose tissue: padding, physical protection, maintains position of the kidneys 3. Renal fascia: anchors the kidneys to surrounding structures Main ...

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  • October 28, 2024
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  • MEDSCI 142
  • MEDSCI 142
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MEDSCI 142 Final Review Exam
Questions And Answers(Revised and
Updated).
Three protective layers of the kidney - Answer 1. Renal capsule: physical barrier, protection against
trauma. Maintains shape of the kidney

2. Adipose tissue: padding, physical protection, maintains position of the kidneys

3. Renal fascia: anchors the kidneys to surrounding structures



Main structures of the kidney - Answer 1. renal capsule

2. nephron

3. collecting duct

4. papillary duct

5. calyx

6. renal pelvis

7. ureter

8. lobes

9. lobules

10. medullary pyramid

11. renal column

12. BV

13. cortex



Order of blood flow in the kidneys - Answer Renal artery

Segmental artery

Interlobar artery

Arcuate artery

Cortical radiate (interlobular) artery

,Afferent arteriole

GLOMERULUS (caps)

Efferent arteriole

Medulla: vasa recta

Cortex: peritubular caps

Cortical radiate (interlobular) vein

Arcuate vein

Interlobar vein

Renal Vein



Three layers that filter- label and contents filtered out - Answer 1. Endothelial cells: filter out RBCs or
platelets, all else can pass (all components of blood plasma)



2. Basal lamina: filters out large proteins (negative charged large proteins)



3. Slit membranes: filters out medium proteins: allows in water, glucose, vitamins, amino acids, very
small plasma proteins, ammonia, urea and ions



Main parts of the nephron - Answer Renal corpuscle

Proximal conv tubule

Descending LoH

Ascending LoH

Distal conv tubule

Collecting duct



Main functions of the kidneys - Answer filter blood

produce urine to carry wastes out of the body

the hormone EPO regulates red blood cell production

regulate salt and water balance in blood

, Osmolarity - Answer The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of
lower solute conc to a higher solute conc



Tonicity - Answer A functional term that describes the tendency of a solution to resist expansion of the
intracellular volume. Takes into account the conc of a solution and ability to change shape of cell by
crossing membrane



Hyperosmotic - Answer A solution with a higher osm than another- shrinkage



isosmotic - Answer Two solutes same osm- cell stays same



hypoosmotic - Answer solution with a lesser concentration of solute- swell and burst



Fluid compartments in body - Answer Water makes up approx 60% in males and 50% of total body
weight in females (women have more fat cells) and 65-75 in infants

ICF: about 2/3 of the bodys fluids

ECF: about 1/3 (20% is blood plasma and the rest is interstitial fluid between cells



Water gain and water loss - Answer Gain: CHD breakdown (8%), foods (28%) , drinks (64%)

Loss: Feces (4%), Lungs (12%), Skin (24%), Urine (60%)



Main ions in the body - Answer Na, Ca, Cl (high conc in ECF) and K (high conc in ICF) and Mg and HPO4



The basic process involved in the formation of urine (and location) - Answer 1. Filtration form blood
plasma into nephron (renal corpuscle)

2. Tubular reabsorption from fluid to blood (renal tubule and collecting duct)

3. Tubular secretion from blood to fluid (renal tubule and collecting duct)



Sum of the amount filtered and approx. amount - Answer Excretion (1.4 L) = Filtration (180L) +
Secretion - Reabsorption (176.4 L)

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