NURS125: Pharmacology in Nursing Practice I - Exam 4
Questions With Complete Solutions
What antiemetic drugs are anticholinergics and antihistamines?
Correct Answer scopolamine (Transderm-Scop)
meclizine (Antivert)
dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)
What are actions of antitussives? Correct Answer codeine,
hydrocodone, & dextromethorphan: Raise cough threshold in
medulla of CNS
benzonatate: Suppress cough reflex by anesthetizing stretch
receptors in lungs
What are adverse effects of decongestants? Correct Answer
Intranasal: rebound congestion (come back worse)
-> Hypersecretion of mucus & worsening nasal congestion once
drug effects wear off after prolonged use
-> Use no longer than 3-5 days
Oral: CNS stimulation (i.e. dizziness, headache, or nervousness),
hypertension (SNS fight or flight), & palpitations (heart beating
out of their chest)
What are adverse effects of H1-receptor antagonists /
antihistamines? Correct Answer Drowsiness, blurred vision
(pupils too dilated), dry mouth, & urinary retention (fight or
flight)
,Paradoxical CNS stimulation (usually in children) -
idiosyncratic (different than normally expected)
What are contraindications of beta-adrenergic agonists? Correct
Answer Patients with history of cardiac disease (i.e.
dysrhythmias) or HTN
What are contraindications of H1-receptor antagonists /
antihistamines? Correct Answer Patients with:
Bronchial asthma - asthma = environmental or genetic chronic
disease affecting airway with bronchial
constriction/inflammation
Narrow-angle glaucoma - exacerbate condition by increasing
intraocular pressure
Seizure disorders - anti-cholinergic effects make
bronchospasms, CNS effects lower seizure threshold, making
them more common
History of depression - 1st generation drugs cause CNS
depression
What are contraindications of methylxanthines? Correct
Answer Use caution in patients with cardiac dysrhythmias, HF
(heart failure), or seizure disorders
What are goals of pharmacotherapy of COPD? Correct Answer
Relieve symptoms & avoid complications
, What are leukotrienes? Correct Answer Inflammatory response
mediators
Fatty molecules of immune system that contribute to
inflammation in asthma
What are lifespan considerations for H1-receptor antagonists /
antihistamines? Correct Answer Monitor older adults for
altered consciousness & profound sedation
-> Increased risk for falls and injury
Use caution in older adult male with BPH (benign prostatic
hyperplasia/hypertrophy) = enlarged prostate
-> Already difficult to void, but these drugs cause urinary
retention
What are mast cells? Correct Answer Found in connective
tissue that contains granules and releases histamine in response
to injury or inflammation of bodily tissues
What are nursing considerations for anticholinergics? Correct
Answer Assess VS, respiratory effort, skin color, oxygen
saturation level, & lung sounds
What are nursing considerations for antiemetic anticholinergics
and antihistamines? Correct Answer Take drug 20-60 minutes
before travel for motion sickness
Apply scopolamine transdermal patch behind ear for 72 hours
-> Also dries up secretions for death rattle
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