Bio 171 Final Review Exam With All Correct Answers.
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Course
BIOD 171
Institution
BIOD 171
Tobacco mosaic disease - Answer stunts growth of tobacco
plants and gives their leaves a mosaic coloration
Martinus Beijerinck of the Netherlands conducted
experiments to determine the nature of the infectious
particle - Answer Infectious particle is
smaller than bacteria
• Infectio...
Bio 171 Final Review Exam With All
Correct Answers.
Tobacco mosaic disease - Answer stunts growth of tobacco
plants and gives their leaves a mosaic coloration
Martinus Beijerinck of the Netherlands conducted
experiments to determine the nature of the infectious
particle - Answer Infectious particle is
smaller than bacteria
• Infectious particle can
reproduce in plants
Not even the simplest of cells can aggregate into
regular crystals. - Answer In 1935 Wendell Stanley showed that the
infectious particles could be crystallized
virus - Answer very small infectious particle
consisting of only nucleic acids enclosed in a
protein coat and, in some cases, a
membranous envelope
A virus is genetic code without the metabolism
or machinery of a living organism
not a living cell
The Structure of Viruses - Answer Viral genomes may consist of either
- Double- or single-stranded DNA, or
- Double- or single-stranded RNA
,Depending on its type of nucleic acid, a virus is
called a DNA virus or an RNA virus
Viral Genom
capsid - Answer protein shell that encloses the viral genome
various structures
capsomeres - Answer building blocks for capsids
viral envelope - Answer surround the capsids of
influenza viruses and many other viruses found in
animals
Viral envelopes, which are derived from the host
cell's membrane, contain a combination of viral and
host cell molecules
host range - Answer a limited number of
host cells that it can infect
virus and host cell - Answer Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, which
means they can replicate only within a host cell
Once a viral genome has entered a cell, the cell
begins to manufacture viral proteins
• The virus makes use of host enzymes, ribosomes,
tRNAs, amino acids, ATP, and other molecules
CHANGES HOST CELLS GENETIC INSTRUCTIONS
Bacteriophages (phages) - Answer most well known viruses that infect bacteria
They have the most complex capsids found among viruses
,A protein tail piece attaches the phage to the host and injects the phage DNA
lytic cycle - Answer phage replicative cycle that
culminates in the death of the host cell
The lytic cycle produces new phages and lyses
(breaks open) the host's cell wall, releasing the
progeny viruses
virulent phage - Answer A phage that reproduces only by the lytic cycle
restriction enzymes - Answer bacteria defense against phages, recognize and cut up certain phage DNA
lysogenic cycle - Answer replicates the phage genome without destroying the host
The viral DNA molecule is incorporated into the
host cell's chromosome.
Every time the host divides, it copies the phage
DNA and passes the copies to daughter cells
An environmental signal can trigger the virus
genome to exit the bacterial chromosome and switch
to the lytic mode
prophage - Answer Integrated viral DNA
Animal Viral envelopes - Answer Many viruses that infect animals have a
membranous envelope
Viral glycoproteins on the envelope bind to specific
receptor molecules on the surface of a host cell
Some viral envelopes are formed from the host
cell's plasma membrane as the viral capsids exit
, Retroviruses - Answer use the enzyme reverse
transcriptase to copy their RNA genome into DNA
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) i - Answer retrovirus that causes AIDS (acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome)
provirus - Answer The viral DNA that is integrated into the host genome
Unlike a prophage, a provirus remains a permanent resident of the host cell
Viral Diseases - Answer Viruses may damage or kill cells by causing the
release of hydrolytic enzymes from lysosomes
Some viruses cause infected cells to produce toxins
that lead to disease symptoms
Others have molecular components such as
envelope proteins that are toxic
cannot be treated by antibiotics
Vaccines - Answer harmless derivatives of pathogenic
microbes that stimulate the immune system to
mount defenses against the harmful pathogen
can prevent certain viral illnesses
antiviral drugs - Answer can help treat but not cure
H1N1 epidemic - Answer flu like illness in US AND MEXICO ,mostly killed young people and is thought
to be a descendant of earlier influenza viruses including the one that killed 40 million people in 1918
flu epidemics - Answer caused by new strains of influenza virus to which people have little immunity
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