HCC Final A&P 1 Exam Questions & Answers 2024/2025
1. chemical (atom) (lowest level)
2. cellular level (cells)
3. tissue level (tissue)
4. organ level (organs)
5. organ system level (organ system)
6. organism level (organism, human) - ANSWERSName the levels of organization of the human bo...
HCC Final A&P 1 Exam Questions &
Answers 2024/2025
1. chemical (atom) (lowest level)
2. cellular level (cells)
3. tissue level (tissue)
4. organ level (organs)
5. organ system level (organ system)
6. organism level (organism, human) - ANSWERSName the levels of organization of the human body in
decreasing to increasing order.
homeostasis - ANSWERSWhat is the existence of a stable internal environment. The goal of physiological
regulation and the key to survival in a changing environment?
11 organ systems - ANSWERSHow many organ systems do humans have?
1. acidic
2. It contains more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions. - ANSWERSA solution with a pH below 7 is what?
What does this mean?
1. basic or alkaline
2. It has more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions. - ANSWERSA solution with a pH above 7 is what?
What does this mean?
7.35 to 7.45 - ANSWERSWhat is the normal pH of blood ranges?
buffer - ANSWERSWhat are compounds that stabilize the pH of a solution by removing or replacing
hydrogen ions?
,1. buffer system
2. carbonic acid-bicarbonate system - ANSWERS1. What resists abrupt and large changes in the pH of the
body fluids? Usually consist of a weak acid and a weak base.
2. Name an example.
1. distance
2. molecule size
3. temperature
4. concentration gradient
5. electrical forces
6. diffusion across plasma membranes - ANSWERSWhat factors affect the rate of diffusion?
can be simple or channel mediated - ANSWERSHow does diffusion across plasma membranes affect the
rate of diffusion?
simple diffusion - ANSWERSWhat are materials that diffuse through plasma membrane through lipid-
soluble compounds (alcohols, fatty acids, steroids) and dissolved gas (oxygen and carbon dioxide)?
osmosis - ANSWERS*What is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane?
*What type of diffusion has more solute molecules, lower concentration of water molecules?
*What type of diffusion has a membrane that must be freely permeable to water, selectively permeable
to solutes?
*What type of diffusion has water molecules diffuse across membrane toward solution with more
solutes?
*What type of diffusion has volume increase on the side with more solutes?
isotonic (iso=same, tonos=tension) - ANSWERSWhat is a solution that does not cause osmotic flow of
water in or out of a cell?
,hypotonic (hypo=below, tonos=tension) - ANSWERSWhat has less solutes and loses water through
osmosis?
hypertonic (hyper=above, tonos=tension) - ANSWERSWhat has more solutes and gains water by
osmosis?
1. hypotonic solution
2. ruptures (hemolysis of red blood cells) - ANSWERSWhat type of solution is a cell that gains water?
What happens?
1. hypertonic solution
2. shrinks (crenation of red blood cells) - ANSWERSWhat type of solution loses water?
What happens?
hypertonic solution - ANSWERSWhat type of solution causes crenation of red blood cells?
hypotonic solution - ANSWERSWhat type of solution causes hemolysis of red blood cells?
non-membranous organelles - ANSWERSWhat type of organelle has no direct contact with cytosol?
membranous organelles - ANSWERSWhat type of organelle is isolated from cytosol?
microtubules - ANSWERS*What cytoskeleton is large, hollow tubes of tubulin?
*What cytoskeleton attaches to centrosome?
*What cytoskeleton strengthens cell and anchor organelles?
*What cytoskeleton changes cell shape?
*What cytoskeleton moves vesicles within cell (kinesin and dynein)?
centrioles - ANSWERS*What forms spindle apparatus (mitotic spindle) during cell division?
*What organelle is capable of cell division and the centrosome surrounds a pair of cylindrical structures.
*What organelle produces an arrangement of 9 microtubule triplets (9+0 array)?
ribosomes - ANSWERSWhat organelle builds polypeptides in protein synthesis?
1. free ribosomes
2. fixed ribosomes - ANSWERSName two types of ribosomes.
free ribosomes - ANSWERSWhat ribosome is in the cytoplasm and manufactures protein for cells?
fixed ribosomes - ANSWERSWhat ribosome is attached to ER and manufactures protein for secretion?
smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) - ANSWERSWhat organelle has functions:
1. Synthesis of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids.
2. Storage of synthesized molecules and materials.
3. Transport of materials within the ER.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Bensuda. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
