HCC III Final Exam Questions & Answers 2024/2025
Guiding principles of pain management - ANSWERS- Pain is what the pt. says it is.
- State of physical ease, relief from discomfort.
- Pain appears differently for some pt., physical manifestations may not be the same for all pt.s
Narcotics;...
Ketamine; Treat Pain - ANSWERSPrevents pain via ascending pathways
PCA (Patient Controlled Analgesia) - ANSWERS- Drug in pump self- administered by pt.
- Not to be pushed by anyone but pt.
,-Limits in place and monitored by pump.
- Pt. must be cognitively and physically able to administer
-Variety of drugs can be used, most commonly Morphine or Dilaudid.
PCA; Risks - ANSWERSRisk of respiratory depression, and needs to be continuously monitored.
- Pulse ox
- Capnography: measurement of respiratory rate and concentration of exhaled carbon dioxide.
POSS Scale - ANSWERSA POSS score of S, 1, or 2 indicates an acceptable level of sedation
Ascore of 3 or 4 indicates over-sedation and the need for a reversal agent.
Actual Loss - ANSWERSCan be recognized by others
- E.g.: death of a loved one.
Perceived Loss - ANSWERSFelt by person but intangible to others
- E.g: relocation to a nursing home
Physical loss/Psychological loss - ANSWERSAmputation; Colostomy
Situational Loss - ANSWERSExperienced as a result of an unpredictable event
E.g.; Job loss, financial loss, natural disaster
Anticipatory Loss - ANSWERSLoss not yet taken but impending overwhelming loss effect
E.g.: Terminal disease of a loved one, experienced by the patient, family, and friends.
Complicated Grief - ANSWERSGrief not diminished, prolonged, interferes with life.
, E.g.: Loss of a child, lasting longer than expected experienced when not having worked through the grief
work.
Perinatal Loss - ANSWERSNewborn death
Rando Theory of Grief - ANSWERSRecognize, React, Recollect and Re-experience, Relinquish, Readjust,
Reinvest
Therapeutic communication methods nurse-patient - ANSWERSFrom Article;
- Ask-tell-ask
- Invitation to group/family to discuss emotions and medical situation.
Nurse Statments - ANSWERS- Name the emotion
- Understand the emotion
- Respect what the pt. tells you
- Support the pt.
- Explore the pt.s emotions
Silence Presence; Per Taylor - ANSWERS- Silence
- Therapuetic Touch
- Active Listening
- Humor
- Open-ended Questions
- Assertive Behavior and communication when needed.
avulsion fracture - ANSWERSfragment of bone chipped away from the main bone
communuted fracture - ANSWERSBone shattered into more than two pieces.; Requires significant force.
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