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ECPI 2024: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY EXAM: CHAPTERS 1-3 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
ECPI 2024: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY EXAM: CHAPTERS 1-3 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
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ECPI 2024: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGYEXAM: CHAPTERS 1-3 QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK: - Answer-Effectors return conditions toward normal range.
- Called "negative" bc the response to the change moved the variable in opposite
direction (negative) of the deviation from the set point.
- Most common type of homeostatic mechanism.
- Prevents sudden, severe changes in the body.
- Ex: negative feedback controls body temp., blood pressure, glucose level in the blood.
POSITIVE FEEDBACK: - Answer-Change/deviation is intensified - not reversed. Activity
of effector is increased initially, instead of decreasing.
- Uncommon in body / short-lived
- Produce unstable conditions that seem like they will not lead to homeostasis, but they
will.
- Ex: blood clotting and uterus contractions of childbirth.
ANATOMY: - Answer-Study of structure of the human body and its parts
- Derived from the Greek word "cutting up"
PHYSIOLOGY: - Answer-Study of functions of human body and its parts.
- Derived from the Greek word "relationship to nature"
-stasis: - Answer-Having a state of balance or stability.
Ex: homeostasis
Peri- - Answer-Around
Ex: pericardium (around the heart)
Hypo: - Answer-Low, under, beneath, down, or below normal
Ex: hypoglycemia - low blood sugar
Hyper: - Answer-High, beyond, excessive, or above normal
Ex: hyperglycemia - high blood sugar
, Epi: - Answer-Upon, on top of
Pariet: - Answer-A wall (of the body)
VISCERAL LAYER: - Answer-Inner layer which covers an organ
PARIETAL LAYER: - Answer-Outer layer which lines wall of cavity
MEMDIASTINUM: - Answer-Region between lungs in thoracic cavity, which contains
heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus gland.
CONTRALATERAL: - Answer-Opposite sides
IPSILATERAL: - Answer-Same side
HOMEOSTASIS: - Answer-Maintenance of a stable internal environment.
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION IN ORDER FROM MOST SIMPLE: - Answer-Subatomic
particles
Atoms
Molecules
Macromolecules
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Organism
SUBATOMIC PARTICLES: - Answer-Protons, neutrons, electrons that make up cells
ATOM: - Answer-Tiny particles that make up chemicals (hydrogen, carbon)
MOLECULE: - Answer-Particles consisting of atoms joined together (water, glucose)
MACROMOLECULE: - Answer-Large particles consisting of molecules (DNA, protein)
ORGANELLE: - Answer-Functional part of a cell (mitochondrion, lysosome) - small
version of an organ
"little organ"
CELL: - Answer-Basic unit of structure and functions (muscle, nerve, or blood cell)
TISSUE: - Answer-Layer or mass of cells with specific function (adipose tissue)
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