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FNU 472 Chapter 10 Exam Latest Update
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FNU 472 Chapter 10 Exam LatestUpdate
Motivation is concerned with - Answer the causes of human behavior
Motivation - Answer Inner force that activates or moves a person toward achievement of
a goal.
The process of motivation - Answer Needs —> Drives or motives —> Achievement of
goals
Physical needs - Answer also called innate or primary needs, include food, water, and
shelter
Psychological needs - Answer also referred to as acquired needs, are those we learn in
response to our culture or environment. They include esteem, affection, and power
Motive - Answer Something that prompts a person to action.
Positive motivation - Answer a driving force toward some object or condition
Negative motivation - Answer a driving force away from some object or condition
Positive goal - Answer desirable and the object of directed behavior, as in an
employee's desire to do the best job possible
Negative goal - Answer undesirable and behavior is directed away from it; an employee
who wishes to avoid censure is an example
Withdrawal - Answer When an individual becomes less involved in work; may be
exhibited by apathy, excessive absences, lateness, or turnover. It is one mechanism
used to avoid frustrating situations.
Aggression - Answer When an individual directly attacks the source of frustration or
another object or party. For example, a foodservice employee who is upset with his or
her supervisor may slam and bang the pots and pans as a way of venting frustration.
Substitution - Answer When an individual puts something in the place of the original
object. For example, a foodservice employee bypassed for promotion may seek
leadership positions in organizations outside the workplace.
Compensation - Answer When a person goes overboard in one area or activity to make
up for deficiencies in another.
Revert or regress - Answer When an individual exhibits childlike behavior as a way of
dealing with an unpleasant situation. For example, horseplay in the dishroom is an
example of regression.
, Repression - Answer When an individual loses awareness of or forgets incidents that
cause anxiety or frustration.
Projection - Answer When an individual attributes his or her own feelings to someone
else. For example, a foodservice employee who is displeased about a rule or policy may
tell the supervisor how upset another employee is rather than admit personal
dissatisfaction.
Rationalization - Answer When an individual presents a reason that is less ego deflating
or more socially acceptable than the true reason. A baker who blames the oven for poor
bakery products is using this defense mechanism.
Theories of motivation - Answer need hierarchy, achievement-power- affiliation,
two-factor, expectancy, and reinforcement
Need hierarchy theory - Answer people are motivated by their desire to satisfy specific
needs
Physiological - Answer Needs of the human body that must be satisfied to sustain life
Safety - Answer Needs concerned with the protection of individuals from physical or
psychological
harm
Social - Answer Needs for love, affection, belonging
Esteem - Answer Needs relating to feelings of self-respect and self-worth, along with
respect and
esteem from one's peers
self-actualization - Answer Needs related to one's potential or to the desire to fulfill
one's potential
Prepotent need - Answer Need that is dominant over all others.
Existence, Relatedness, Growth (ERG) Theory - Answer simplistic model of human
needs that influence worker behavior
existence - Answer Basic needs for existence (food, water, shelter, safety)
Relatedness - Answer Involvement with family, friends, co-workers, and employers
Growth - Answer Desire to be creative, productive, and complete meaningful tasks
Achievement-Power-Affiliation Theory - Answer McClelland's theory emphasizing needs
that are learned and socially ac- quired as the individual interacts with the environment.
The achievement-power-affiliation theory holds that all people have three needs: -
Answer A need to achieve
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