Exam (elaborations)
IB 150 Exam 2 With Complete Solutions Latest Update
- Course
- IB 150
- Institution
- University Of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign
IB 150 Exam 2 With Complete Solutions Latest Update
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Solution 2024/2025Pepper
IB 150 Exam 2 With Complete Solutions Latest
Update
Mutation ANS✔✔ Permanent change in DNA sequence that can be passed
from one cell or organism to another; can be the addition, deletion, or
substitution of DNA base pairs
Ex: Mutation changes DNA sequence, mutation results in an allele for sickle-
cell anemia, 50% of the population carries the mutation for sickle cell
anemia
Crossing Over ANS✔✔ the exchange of genes between homologous
chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring.
Independent Assortment ANS✔✔ New combinations of homologs of different
chromosome types
New combinations of alleles of genes (and their traits) with loci on different
chromosome types
Fertilization ANS✔✔ the action or process of fertilizing an egg, female
animal, or plant, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a
zygote.
A ANS✔✔ Adenine
G ANS✔✔ Guanine
, Solution 2024/2025
Pepper
C ANS✔✔ Cytosine
T ANS✔✔ Thymine
U ANS✔✔ Uracil (only for RNA)
Central Dogma ANS✔✔ 1. DNA(Transcription)
2. RNA(Translation)
3. Proteins
Genotype vs Phenotype ANS✔✔ An organism's genotype is determined by
the sequence of bases in DNA, while it's phenotype is a product of the
proteins it produces. Genotype affects phenotype, but phenotype does not
affect genotype.
True or False. Genotypic diversity is generally necessary for phenotypic
diversity to exist. ANS✔✔ True.
Identify 2 natural mechanisms by which mistakes in DNA replication are
prevented. ANS✔✔ DNA Polymerase III and Post-synthesis DNA repair
DNA Polymerase III ANS✔✔ -DNA proofreading
-If an incorrect base is added during DNA synthesis, the enzyme pauses,
removes the mismatched deoxyribonucleic that was added, and then
proceeds again with normal synthesis
, Solution 2024/2025
Pepper
Post-synthesis DNA repair ANS✔✔ Mismatch repair-occurs when
mismatched bases are corrected after DNA synthesis is complete
Allele ANS✔✔ A particular version of a gene
Gene ANS✔✔ A region of genomic sequence with a specific location and
function. Book definition: a section of DNA (or RNA, for some viruses) that
encodes information for building one or more related polypeptides or
functional RNA molecules along with the regulatory sequences required for
its transcription
Substitution ANS✔✔ a mutation that exchanges one base for another
Insertion ANS✔✔ extra base-pairs are inserted into the DNA
Deletion ANS✔✔ a section of DNA is removed or deleted
State when mutation occurs during the cell cycle ANS✔✔ mutations
generally occur during the replication process of cell division when DNA is
copying itself in preparation to divide; S phase
Identify and define the property of the triplet genetic code that permits a
genetic mutation to have no effect on the resulting protein product. ANS✔✔
Because there are only 20 amino acids and 64 possible triplet genetic
codes, many of the triplet sequences code for the same amino acid. It is
because of this that a single change in the DNA sequences will not
necessarily dramatically affect the DNA sequence. The RNA may end up
coding for the same amino acid and the protein will turn out the same
regardless of the original DNA sequence. REDUNDANCY!!!!!!
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