,1. Which of the following best describes the concept of
patient-centered care in clinical nursing?
- A. Focusing solely on the patient's physical health
needs.
- B. Prioritizing the patient’s preferences, values, and
cultural background.
- C. Ensuring all patients receive the same standard of
care.
- D. Providing care based on the nurse's expertise and
preferences.
- Answer: B. Rationales: Patient-centered care involves
a holistic approach, considering patients’ preferences,
cultural values, and personal needs.
2. A 65-year-old patient is post-operative day 1 from hip
surgery. Which intervention is most appropriate to prevent
post-operative pneumonia?
- A. Administering prescribed sedatives to promote lung
rest.
- B. Encouraging deep breathing and incentive spirometry
exercises.
- C. Limiting fluid intake to prevent edema.
- D. Keeping the patient on strict bed rest.
- Answer: B. Rationales: Encouraging deep breathing
and incentive spirometry helps expand the lungs and
prevent pneumonia.
, strength.
- B. A low-calorie diet to prevent weight gain.
- C. A high-carbohydrate diet for energy.
- D. A fluid-restricted diet to minimize fluid overload.
- Answer: A. Rationales: High-protein diets help
maintain muscle mass and strength, crucial for effective
respiration in COPD patients.
### Fill-in-the-Blank
4. In the nursing process, the step following assessment is
__________.
- Answer: Diagnosis. Rationales: Nursing diagnosis
involves analyzing assessment data to determine health
problems.
5. The principle of "Do no harm" in clinical nursing is
known as __________.
- Answer: Non-maleficence. Rationales: Non-
maleficence is a key ethical principle ensuring actions do
not cause harm.
6. __________ is the legal term for failing to perform an
action consistent with the accepted standards of practice.
- Answer: Negligence. Rationales: Negligence involves
a breach of duty that results in harm to the patient.
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