,1. Which of the following pathophysiological changes is
most directly associated with bronchial asthma?
- A) Hyperinflation of alveoli
- B) Increased airway resistance due to bronchial
constriction
- C) Alveolar destruction
- D) Pulmonary edema
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Asthma is characterized by airway
hyperresponsiveness leading to bronchial constriction and
increased airway resistance.
2. Chronic hypertension leads to which of the following
changes in the arterial walls?
- A) Decreased collagen deposition
- B) Increased elasticity
- C) Hyperplasia of the intima
- D) Atrophy of smooth muscle
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chronic hypertension often results in
hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the intimal layer of the
arteries.
, 4. The presence of Reed-Sternberg cells is indicative of
which condition?
- A) Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- B) Hodgkin lymphoma
- C) Multiple myeloma
- D) Acute myeloid leukemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Reed-Sternberg cells are characteristic of
Hodgkin lymphoma.
5. Which of the following factors primarily contributes to
osteoarthritis?
- A) Autoimmune inflammation
- B) Degenerative joint disease
- C) Infection
- D) Metabolic disturbances
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint
disease, primarily due to wear and tear of cartilage.
### Fill-in-the-Blank
6. ______________ is the neurotransmitter deficit most
closely associated with Parkinson's disease.
Correct Answer: Dopamine
Rationale: Parkinson's disease is marked by a loss of
dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra.
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