,1. A 68-year-old patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD) presents with increasing dyspnea and
confusion. What is the most likely explanation for the
confusion?
- A) Hypoxia
- B) Hyperglycemia
- C) Dehydration
- D) Electrolyte imbalance
Correct Answer: A) Hypoxia
Rationale: COPD can lead to impaired gas exchange and
reduced oxygenation, causing confusion due to hypoxia.
2. Which of the following pharmacological interventions is
most appropriate for long-term control of persistent asthma?
- A) Short-acting beta agonists
- B) Inhaled corticosteroids
- C) Oral antihistamines
- D) Leukotriene receptor antagonists
Correct Answer: B) Inhaled corticosteroids
Rationale: Inhaled corticosteroids are the most effective
long-term control medication for persistent asthma as they
reduce inflammation.
, Correct Answer: B) Serotonin
Rationale: Chemotherapy-induced nausea is primarily
mediated by the release of serotonin.
4. What is the primary purpose of performing a nursing
assessment on a newly admitted patient?
- A) To establish nurse-patient rapport
- B) To identify the patient’s dietary needs
- C) To develop a comprehensive care plan
- D) To document the baseline status of the patient
Correct Answer: D) To document the baseline status of
the patient
Rationale: The nursing assessment establishes a
baseline for subsequent evaluations and planning of care.
5. In what phase of the nursing process does the nurse
determine if the outcomes have been met?
- A) Assessment
- B) Planning
- C) Implementation
- D) Evaluation
Correct Answer: D) Evaluation
Rationale: Evaluation is the phase where nurses assess
whether the desired outcomes of care have been achieved.
### Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
6. The ethical principle of __________ requires that
nurses do no harm and act to benefit patients.
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