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BPK 142 Midterm EXAM PREP FALL 2024 Simon Fraser University
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BPK 142 Midterm EXAM PREP FALL 2024 Simon Fraser University
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BPK 142 Midterm EXAM PREP FALL 2024 Simon Fraser UniversityOsteology - --Study of bones
Axial Skeleton - --Includes bones of head, neck and trunk
Appendicular Skeleton - --Includes bones of extremities and appendages
Bones in Skull - --- Cranium (8 Bones)
- Face (14 Bones)
- Auditory ossieles (6 Bones)
- Thyroid (throat) (1 Bone)
How many vertebrae in Axial Skeleton? - --26
Bones in Thorax - --- Sternum (1 Bone)
- Ribs (24)
Total number of bones in Axial Skeleton - --80
Bones in Upper Appendicular Skeleton - --- Shoulder Girlde (4 bones)
- Arms and Hands (60 Bones)
Bones in Lower Appendicular Skeleton - --- Pelvic Girdle (2 bones)
- Legs and Feet (60 Bones)
,Total bones in Appendicular Skeleton - --126
Total Number of Bones in Body - --206
Vertebral Column - --Provides flexible support for the trunk and protects the spinal column.
Sections of Vertebral Column - --- 7 cervical vertebrae
- 12 thoracic vertebrae.
- 5 lumbar vertebrae.
- 5 sacral vertebrae.
- 4 coccygeal vertebrae.
Total: 33 Vertebrae (actually 26 because coccygeal vertebrae are fused together)
Scoliosis - --An abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column.
Kyphosis - --Sometimes called "hump back" because it creates an exaggerated posterior thoracic curve.
Lordosis - --Sometimes called "sway back" because it creates an exaggerated anterior lumbar curve.
Vertebrae - --Separated into 2 parts: vertebral body, and the neural arch.
Vertebral Body - --Bears most of the weight
, Neutral Arch - --forms part of the wall of the vertebral canal housing the spinal cord
Synovial Joint - --The vertebrae articulate with one another by means of facets on the processes of the
neural arches
Cartilaginous Joint - --Intervertebral discs between the vertebral bodies
Cervical Curve - --
Thoracic Curve - --
Lumbar Curve - --
Main Functions of the skeletal system - --- Body movement— The skeleton provides attachment points
for muscles, permitting leverage and resulting body movement.
- Support— The skeleton provides a rigid framework to which the softer tissues and organs of the body
are attached.
- Protection— The skeleton protects vital internal organs (e.g. brain, heart and lungs)
- Mineral storage—The skeleton provides a storage place for calcium and phosphorus.
- Blood cell formation— The red bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Structure of Bone - --- Epiphysis
- Diaphysis
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