Nurse Practitioner Certification Exam.pdf file:///C:/Users/HP/Desktop/New%20folder%20(4)/Nurse%20Practit
Nurse Practitioner Certification Exam
1. primary lesion: lesion that develops on previously unaltered skin
2. lesion: a region in an organ or tissue that has suffered damage thru injury or
disease
3. secondary lesion: lesion that either changes impression over time or occurs
when a primary lesion is scratched it may be infected
4. macule: circumscribed flat area; different color and texture from surrounding
tissue, <1cm
ex.) ephelides (freckles), petechia, flat nevi (moles)
5. patch: a large macule; >1cm
ex.) mongolian spot, Cafe, au lair spot
6. papule: Small solid elevated lesion; <1cm
ex.) bug bite, elevated nevus (mole) or verruca (wart)
7. plaque: elevation of skin; >1cm; example psoriasis lesion
8. pustule: a visible accumulation of purulent fluid under skin; <1cm;examples acne
and impetigo
9. vesicle: a circumscribed elevation of skin contains "SEROUS FLUID: <1cm;
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examples, herpes simples, varicella, shingles
10. nodule: solid mass of skin, is elevated or palpated >1cm; often extends deeperinto
dermis: examples xanthoma and fibroma
11. bulla: blister, circumscribed elevation containing fluid >1cm , extends only into
epidermis, examples burns, superficial blister, contact dermatitis
12. wheal: elevated white or pink compressible papule or plaque, a red, axon-me-
diated flare often surround it, commonly associated with allergic reaction, examples
PPD test and mosquito bites
13. cyst: any closed cavity or sac; contains fluid or semisolid material, normal or
abnormal epithelium. example sebaceous cyst
14. Abscess: a localized collection of purulent fluid in a cavity formed by disintegra-
tion or necrosis of tissues >1cm
15. tumor: "MASS: > few cm in diameter; firm or soft; benign or malignant
16. configuration: annular: circular, begins in center and spreads to periphery
17. configuration: confluent: lesions run together
18. configuration: grouped: lesion cluster
19. configuration: gyrate: twisted, coiled, spiral and snake like
20. configuration: linear: scratch, streak, line stripe
21. configuration: polycyclic: annular lesions merge
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22. configuration: solitary or discrete: individual and distinct lesions that remain
separate
23. configuration: target (iris): resembles iris of eye; lesion with concentric ringsof
color
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24. configuration: zosteriform: linear arrangement along nerve route
25. comedones: open are called black heads (openings capped with a blackenedskin
debris); and closed are called white head (obstructed)
26. acne: can be comedones, pustules, papules (pimples and zits), cysts, nodulesand
scaring
27. nonpharmacological management of acne: wash several times daily with
soap and water; avoid topical oil based; use oil free cleansers and moisterizers
28. pharmacological management of acne: comedolytic agents: benzoyl perox-ice,
salicylic acid, topical antibiotics (clindamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline and
metronidazole for rosacea). May consider oral antibiotics and oral contraceptives
29. folliculitis: inflammation of hair follicle; common cause staphylococci
30. furuncle: "boil" localized infection in hair follicle, caused by staph
31. carbuncle: >furuncle; may be necrotizing, staph
32. cellulitis: most common causes: out patients strep ; inpatient: gram negative
(ecoli, klebsiels, psuedomonsa, enterbacter, staph aureus and strep
33. MRSA: trimethoprm-sulfamethoxazole (bactrim); doxy, clindamycin
34. group a strep: bactrim + beta lactam (PCN, amoxicillin , keflex) or doxy/inocy-
cline +beta lactam or clindamycin
35. erysipelas: usually caused by strep, rapid progression of an erythematous,
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