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Test Bank For Leading and Managing in Nursing, 7th Edition by Yoder-Wise
Test Bank For Leading and Managing in Nursing, 7th Edition by Yoder-Wise
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Test Bank forLeading and Managingin Nursing 7th Edition by Yoder Wise
(chapter 1-30) complete
Chapter 01: Leading, Managing, and Following
Yoder-Wise: Leading and Managing in Nursing, 7th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A nurse manager of a 20-bed medical unit finds that 80% of the patients are older adults. She
is asked to assess and adapt the unit to better meet the unique needs of the older adult patient.
Using complexity principles, what would be the best approach to take for implementation of
this change?
a. Leverage the hierarchical management position to get unit staff involved
in assessment and planning.
b. Engage involved staff at all levels in the decision-making process.
c. Focus the assessment on the unit and omit the hospital and
community environment.
d. Hire a geriatric specialist to oversee and control the project.
ANS: B
Complexity theory suggests that systems interact and adapt and that decision making occurs
throughout the systems, as opposed to being held in a hierarchy. In complexity theory, every
voice counts, and therefore, all levels of staff would be involved in decision making.
TOP: AONE competency: Communication and Relationship-Building
Sure! I’ll expand on the topics related to "Taxation of Business Entities," providing a more detailed exploration. This overview will cover fundamental concepts, applications, and implications relevant to the study of business taxation.---### Overview of Business Entities#### 1.
Types of Business EntitiesBusiness entities can be categorized based on ownership structure and tax treatment. Understanding these types is crucial for determining tax obligations and benefits.- **Sole Proprietorships**: - Owned by a single individual, this is the simplest form of
business entity. Income is reported on the owner’s personal tax return (Form 1040, Schedule C), which simplifies tax filing but also means personal liability for debts and obligations.- **Partnerships**: - Consisting of two or more individuals, partnerships do not pay federal
income taxes. Instead, they are considered pass-through entities, meaning income is taxed at the partners' individual rates. Form 1065 is used to report partnership income, while partners receive Schedule K-1 to report their share on their returns.- **Corporations**: - Corporations
are separate legal entities that provide limited liability protection to their owners (shareholders). C-Corporations face double taxation: once at the corporate level on profits and again at the individual level when dividends are distributed. S-Corporations, on the other hand, are pass-
through entities but have restrictions on ownership and number of shareholders.- **Limited Liability Companies (LLCs)**: - LLCs combine the flexibility of partnerships with the liability protection of corporations. An LLC can choose to be taxed as a sole proprietorship,
partnership, or corporation, allowing for strategic tax planning. ### 2. Tax Implications of Each Entity TypeUnderstanding the tax implications of each entity type is critical for effective business planning.- **Sole Proprietorships**: - Income is taxed at the owner’s individual tax
rate. All profits and losses are reported on the owner’s tax return. This simplicity, however, can expose owners to significant personal risk.- **Partnerships**: - Each partner reports their share of income and losses on their personal returns, allowing for loss deductions. Partners are
also subject to self-employment taxes on their share of the income, which can significantly impact tax liability.- **Corporations**: - C-Corporations are taxed at the corporate tax rate (currently 21%). Dividends are taxed again at the shareholder level. S-Corporations avoid double
taxation, but there are restrictions on the number and type of shareholders.- **Limited Liability Companies (LLCs)**: - By default, single-member LLCs are treated as sole proprietorships for tax purposes, while multi-member LLCs are treated as partnerships. However, they can
elect to be taxed as a corporation if beneficial.### Key Tax Concepts#### 1. Income RecognitionIncome recognition is a fundamental principle in taxation, determining when income must be reported.- **Cash vs. Accrual Accounting**: - Businesses can choose between cash and
accrual methods. Cash accounting recognizes income when received and expenses when paid, making it straightforward. Accrual accounting recognizes income when earned and expenses when incurred, aligning revenue with the period it relates to, but can complicate cash flow
management.#### 2. DeductionsDeductions reduce taxable income, directly impacting tax liability.- **Ordinary and Necessary Expenses**: - The IRS allows deductions for expenses that are ordinary (common in the industry) and necessary (helpful and appropriate for the
business). Common deductions include rent, utilities, salaries, and professional fees.- **Limits on Deductions**: - Certain expenses, such as meals and entertainment, have specific limits (e.g., meals are typically only 50% deductible). Understanding these limits is vital for
effective tax planning.#### 3. Tax CreditsTax credits directly reduce the tax liability, providing a dollar-for-dollar reduction of taxes owed.- **Types of Tax Credits**: - Examples include the Research and Development (R&D) tax credit, which encourages innovation, and the
Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC) for hiring individuals from certain target groups.### Specific Business Entity Taxation#### 1. PartnershipsPartnerships are a popular choice for many businesses due to their flexible structure.- **Pass-Through Taxation**: - Income is
reported on individual partners’ returns, preventing double taxation. However, partners must pay self-employment taxes on their earnings.- **Distributions and Basis**: - When a partner receives a distribution, it is generally tax-free to the extent of their basis in the partnership.
Understanding how basis is calculated is critical for accurate tax reporting.#### 2. CorporationsCorporate taxation can be complex due to double taxation and various regulations.- **C-Corporations**: - Taxed at the corporate rate, profits are taxed at the entity level, and dividends
are taxed at the shareholder level. Corporations can reinvest profits to defer taxation, but shareholders may face immediate tax consequences upon dividend distribution.
- **S-Corporations**: - Limited to 100 shareholders and certain types of stock, S-Corps can only have eligible domestic individuals as shareholders. They provide the benefits of limited liability and pass-through taxation, making them attractive for small businesses.#### 3.
Limited Liability Companies (LLCs)LLCs offer flexibility in taxation and structure.- **Self-Employment Tax Considerations**: - Members of an LLC treated as a partnership are subject to self-employment tax on their share of the income. Understanding how to minimize this
liability is crucial for LLC members.- **Tax Elections**: - LLCs can elect to be taxed as a corporation, allowing for strategic tax planning based on the members’ overall tax situations.### Special Topics in Business Taxation#### 1. International Tax ConsiderationsAs
globalization increases, understanding international tax implications becomes essential.- **Foreign Tax Credits**: - Businesses operating internationally may qualify for foreign tax credits, which help avoid double taxation on income earned abroad. Proper planning is crucial to
maximize these benefits.- **Transfer Pricing**: - Multinational corporations must ensure that transactions between subsidiaries in different countries adhere to arm's length principles to avoid tax penalties and ensure compliance with both domestic and international
regulations.#### 2. State and Local TaxesTax obligations vary significantly by state and locality.- **Nexus Considerations**: - Businesses must understand nexus—essentially, a connection to a state that creates tax obligations. Factors include physical presence, employee
presence, and sales volume.- **Variations in Tax Rates**: - Each state has its own tax rates and regulations, which can significantly impact a business’s overall tax liability. Careful planning can help businesses navigate these complexities.#### 3. Tax Compliance and
PlanningTax compliance is critical for avoiding penalties and managing liabilities.- **Record-Keeping**: - Accurate record-keeping is essential for compliance. Businesses should maintain detailed records of income, expenses, and deductions to support their tax returns.- **Tax
Planning Strategies**: - Effective tax planning can lead to significant savings. Strategies may include timing income and expenses, leveraging credits and deductions, and selecting the appropriate business structure.### Current Developments#### 1. Legislative ChangesTax laws
are subject to frequent changes, impacting business strategies.- **Recent Legislation**: - Keeping abreast of changes in tax law, such as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, is vital for businesses. These changes can affect everything from corporate tax rates to deductions and credits
available.- **Impacts of Legislation**: - Understanding how legislative changes impact various business structures can help in adjusting strategies to minimize tax liability.#### 2. Technology and TaxationThe evolution of technology is transforming the landscape of tax
compliance and planning.- **Digital Tools**: - Many businesses utilize tax software to streamline compliance and reporting. These tools can automate calculations and help ensure accuracy.- **E-commerce and Tax**: - The rise of e-commerce has led to new tax considerations,
particularly regarding sales tax collection in multiple jurisdictions. Businesses must adapt to these changes to remain compliant.### Practical Applications#### 1. Case StudiesReal-world examples provide insight into effective tax strategies.- **Success Stories**: - Analyzing
businesses that successfully navigated tax planning can offer valuable lessons in compliance, deductions, and strategic planning.- **Common Pitfalls**: - Examining case studies where businesses faced penalties due to non-compliance highlights the importance of understanding
tax obligations.#### 2. Form PreparationProper form preparation is essential for compliance.- **Common Tax Forms**: - Familiarity with key forms, such as Form 1065 for partnerships or Form 1120 for C-Corps, is crucial. Each form has specific requirements and deadlines.-
**Understanding Deadlines**: - Businesses must stay informed about filing deadlines to avoid penalties. Calendar management is an essential part of tax planning.### ConclusionUnderstanding the taxation of business entities is essential for effective financial management and
compliance. With ongoing changes in legislation, technology, and economic conditions, businesses must remain adaptable and informed. This comprehensive approach to tax planning will enable businesses to minimize liabilities while complying with all relevant regulations.---If
you need more specific details or a focus on a particular area, let me know!
2. A unit manager of a 25-bed medical/surgical area receives a phone call from a nurse who has
called in sick five times in the past month. He tells the manager that he very much wants to
come to work when scheduled but must often care for his wife, who is undergoing treatment
for breast cancer. According to Maslow‘s need hierarchy theory, what would be
the best approach to satisfying the needs of this nurse, other staff, and patients?
a. Line up agency nurses who can be called in to work on short notice.
b. Place the nurse on unpaid leave for the remainder of his wife‘s treatment.
c. Sympathize with the nurse‘s dilemma and let the charge nurse know that this
nurse may be calling in frequently in the future.
, d. Work with the nurse, staffing office, and other nurses to arrange his
scheduled days off around his wife‘s treatments.
ANS: D
Placing the nurse on unpaid leave may threaten the nurse‘s capacity to meet physiologic
needs and demotivate the nurse. Unsatisfactory coverage of shifts on short notice could affect
patient care and threaten the needs of staff to feel competent. Arranging the schedule around the
wife‘s needs meets the needs of the staff and of patients while satisfying the nurse‘s need
for affiliation.
TOP: AONE competency: Communication and Relationship-Building
3. A grievance brought by a staff nurse against the unit manager requires mediation. At the first
mediation session, the staff nurse repeatedly calls the unit manager‘s actions unfair,
and the unit manager continues to reiterate the reasons for the actions. What would be the
best course of action at this time?
a. Send the two disputants away to reach their own resolution.
b. Involve another staff nurse in the discussion for clarity issues.
c. Ask each party to examine their own motives and issues in the conflict.
d. Continue to listen as the parties repeat their thoughts and feelings about
the conflict.
ANS: C
For resolution of conflict, one should address the interests and involvement of participants
in the conflict by examining the real issues of all parties.
TOP: AONE competency: Communication and Relationship-Building
Sure! I’ll expand on the topics related to "Taxation of Business Entities," providing a more detailed exploration. This overview will cover fundamental concepts, applications, and implications relevant to the study of business taxation.---### Overview of Business Entities#### 1.
Types of Business EntitiesBusiness entities can be categorized based on ownership structure and tax treatment. Understanding these types is crucial for determining tax obligations and benefits.- **Sole Proprietorships**: - Owned by a single individual, this is the simplest form of
business entity. Income is reported on the owner’s personal tax return (Form 1040, Schedule C), which simplifies tax filing but also means personal liability for debts and obligations.- **Partnerships**: - Consisting of two or more individuals, partnerships do not pay federal
income taxes. Instead, they are considered pass-through entities, meaning income is taxed at the partners' individual rates. Form 1065 is used to report partnership income, while partners receive Schedule K-1 to report their share on their returns.- **Corporations**: - Corporations
are separate legal entities that provide limited liability protection to their owners (shareholders). C-Corporations face double taxation: once at the corporate level on profits and again at the individual level when dividends are distributed. S-Corporations, on the other hand, are pass-
through entities but have restrictions on ownership and number of shareholders.- **Limited Liability Companies (LLCs)**: - LLCs combine the flexibility of partnerships with the liability protection of corporations. An LLC can choose to be taxed as a sole proprietorship,
partnership, or corporation, allowing for strategic tax planning. ### 2. Tax Implications of Each Entity TypeUnderstanding the tax implications of each entity type is critical for effective business planning.- **Sole Proprietorships**: - Income is taxed at the owner’s individual tax
rate. All profits and losses are reported on the owner’s tax return. This simplicity, however, can expose owners to significant personal risk.- **Partnerships**: - Each partner reports their share of income and losses on their personal returns, allowing for loss deductions. Partners are
also subject to self-employment taxes on their share of the income, which can significantly impact tax liability.- **Corporations**: - C-Corporations are taxed at the corporate tax rate (currently 21%). Dividends are taxed again at the shareholder level. S-Corporations avoid double
taxation, but there are restrictions on the number and type of shareholders.- **Limited Liability Companies (LLCs)**: - By default, single-member LLCs are treated as sole proprietorships for tax purposes, while multi-member LLCs are treated as partnerships. However, they can
elect to be taxed as a corporation if beneficial.### Key Tax Concepts#### 1. Income RecognitionIncome recognition is a fundamental principle in taxation, determining when income must be reported.- **Cash vs. Accrual Accounting**: - Businesses can choose between cash and
accrual methods. Cash accounting recognizes income when received and expenses when paid, making it straightforward. Accrual accounting recognizes income when earned and expenses when incurred, aligning revenue with the period it relates to, but can complicate cash flow
management.#### 2. DeductionsDeductions reduce taxable income, directly impacting tax liability.- **Ordinary and Necessary Expenses**: - The IRS allows deductions for expenses that are ordinary (common in the industry) and necessary (helpful and appropriate for the
business). Common deductions include rent, utilities, salaries, and professional fees.- **Limits on Deductions**: - Certain expenses, such as meals and entertainment, have specific limits (e.g., meals are typically only 50% deductible). Understanding these limits is vital for
effective tax planning.#### 3. Tax CreditsTax credits directly reduce the tax liability, providing a dollar-for-dollar reduction of taxes owed.- **Types of Tax Credits**: - Examples include the Research and Development (R&D) tax credit, which encourages innovation, and the
Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC) for hiring individuals from certain target groups.### Specific Business Entity Taxation#### 1. PartnershipsPartnerships are a popular choice for many businesses due to their flexible structure.- **Pass-Through Taxation**: - Income is
reported on individual partners’ returns, preventing double taxation. However, partners must pay self-employment taxes on their earnings.- **Distributions and Basis**: - When a partner receives a distribution, it is generally tax-free to the extent of their basis in the partnership.
Understanding how basis is calculated is critical for accurate tax reporting.#### 2. CorporationsCorporate taxation can be complex due to double taxation and various regulations.- **C-Corporations**: - Taxed at the corporate rate, profits are taxed at the entity level, and dividends
are taxed at the shareholder level. Corporations can reinvest profits to defer taxation, but shareholders may face immediate tax consequences upon dividend distribution.
- **S-Corporations**: - Limited to 100 shareholders and certain types of stock, S-Corps can only have eligible domestic individuals as shareholders. They provide the benefits of limited liability and pass-through taxation, making them attractive for small businesses.#### 3.
Limited Liability Companies (LLCs)LLCs offer flexibility in taxation and structure.- **Self-Employment Tax Considerations**: - Members of an LLC treated as a partnership are subject to self-employment tax on their share of the income. Understanding how to minimize this
liability is crucial for LLC members.- **Tax Elections**: - LLCs can elect to be taxed as a corporation, allowing for strategic tax planning based on the members’ overall tax situations.### Special Topics in Business Taxation#### 1. International Tax ConsiderationsAs
globalization increases, understanding international tax implications becomes essential.- **Foreign Tax Credits**: - Businesses operating internationally may qualify for foreign tax credits, which help avoid double taxation on income earned abroad. Proper planning is crucial to
maximize these benefits.- **Transfer Pricing**: - Multinational corporations must ensure that transactions between subsidiaries in different countries adhere to arm's length principles to avoid tax penalties and ensure compliance with both domestic and international
regulations.#### 2. State and Local TaxesTax obligations vary significantly by state and locality.- **Nexus Considerations**: - Businesses must understand nexus—essentially, a connection to a state that creates tax obligations. Factors include physical presence, employee
presence, and sales volume.- **Variations in Tax Rates**: - Each state has its own tax rates and regulations, which can significantly impact a business’s overall tax liability. Careful planning can help businesses navigate these complexities.#### 3. Tax Compliance and
PlanningTax compliance is critical for avoiding penalties and managing liabilities.- **Record-Keeping**: - Accurate record-keeping is essential for compliance. Businesses should maintain detailed records of income, expenses, and deductions to support their tax returns.- **Tax
Planning Strategies**: - Effective tax planning can lead to significant savings. Strategies may include timing income and expenses, leveraging credits and deductions, and selecting the appropriate business structure.### Current Developments#### 1. Legislative ChangesTax laws
are subject to frequent changes, impacting business strategies.- **Recent Legislation**: - Keeping abreast of changes in tax law, such as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, is vital for businesses. These changes can affect everything from corporate tax rates to deductions and credits
available.- **Impacts of Legislation**: - Understanding how legislative changes impact various business structures can help in adjusting strategies to minimize tax liability.#### 2. Technology and TaxationThe evolution of technology is transforming the landscape of tax
compliance and planning.- **Digital Tools**: - Many businesses utilize tax software to streamline compliance and reporting. These tools can automate calculations and help ensure accuracy.- **E-commerce and Tax**: - The rise of e-commerce has led to new tax considerations,
particularly regarding sales tax collection in multiple jurisdictions. Businesses must adapt to these changes to remain compliant.### Practical Applications#### 1. Case StudiesReal-world examples provide insight into effective tax strategies.- **Success Stories**: - Analyzing
businesses that successfully navigated tax planning can offer valuable lessons in compliance, deductions, and strategic planning.- **Common Pitfalls**: - Examining case studies where businesses faced penalties due to non-compliance highlights the importance of understanding
tax obligations.#### 2. Form PreparationProper form preparation is essential for compliance.- **Common Tax Forms**: - Familiarity with key forms, such as Form 1065 for partnerships or Form 1120 for C-Corps, is crucial. Each form has specific requirements and deadlines.-
**Understanding Deadlines**: - Businesses must stay informed about filing deadlines to avoid penalties. Calendar management is an essential part of tax planning.### ConclusionUnderstanding the taxation of business entities is essential for effective financial management and
compliance. With ongoing changes in legislation, technology, and economic conditions, businesses must remain adaptable and informed. This comprehensive approach to tax planning will enable businesses to minimize liabilities while complying with all relevant regulations.---If
you need more specific details or a focus on a particular area, let me know!
4. At a second negotiation session, the unit manager and staff nurse are unable to reach
a resolution. What is the appropriate next step?
a. Arrange another meeting in a week‘s time so as to allow a cooling-off period.
b. Elevate the next negation session to the next manager, one level above.
c. Insist that participants continue to talk until a resolution has been reached.
d. Back the unit manager‘s actions and end the dispute.
ANS: B
Part of leadership is understanding conflict resolution and ability to negotiate and manage
for resolution of issues and concerns. This situation has failed a second negotiation session,
elevation to a manager with additional training to facilitate conflict resolution is important at
this point.
TOP: AONE competency: Communication and Relationship-Building
, 5. The manager of a surgical area has a vision for the future that requires the addition of RN
assistants or unlicensed persons to feed, bathe, and ambulate patients. The RNs on the staff have
always practiced in a primary nursing delivery system and are very resistant to this idea. What would
be the best initial strategy for implementation of this change?
a. Exploring the values and feelings of the RN group in relationship to this change
b. Leaving the RNs alone for a time so they can think about the change before it
is implemented
c. Dropping the idea and trying for the change in a year or so when some of
the present RNs have retired
d. Hiring the assistants and allowing the RNs to see what good additions they are
ANS: A
Influencing others requires emotional intelligence in domains such as empathy, handling
relationships, deepening self-awareness in self and others, motivating others, and managing
emotions. Motivating others recognizes that values are powerful forces that influence
acceptance of change. Leaving the RNs alone for a period of time before implementation
does not provide opportunity to explore different perspectives and values. Avoiding
discussion until the team changes may not promote adoption of the change until there is
opportunity to explore perspectives and values related to the change. Hiring of the assistants
demonstrates lack of empathy for the perspectives of the RN staff.
TOP: AONE competency: Knowledge of the Health Care Environment
Sure! I’ll expand on the topics related to "Taxation of Business Entities," providing a more detailed exploration. This overview will cover fundamental concepts, applications, and implications relevant to the study of business taxation.---### Overview of Business Entities#### 1.
Types of Business EntitiesBusiness entities can be categorized based on ownership structure and tax treatment. Understanding these types is crucial for determining tax obligations and benefits.- **Sole Proprietorships**: - Owned by a single individual, this is the simplest form of
business entity. Income is reported on the owner’s personal tax return (Form 1040, Schedule C), which simplifies tax filing but also means personal liability for debts and obligations.- **Partnerships**: - Consisting of two or more individuals, partnerships do not pay federal
income taxes. Instead, they are considered pass-through entities, meaning income is taxed at the partners' individual rates. Form 1065 is used to report partnership income, while partners receive Schedule K-1 to report their share on their returns.- **Corporations**: - Corporations
are separate legal entities that provide limited liability protection to their owners (shareholders). C-Corporations face double taxation: once at the corporate level on profits and again at the individual level when dividends are distributed. S-Corporations, on the other hand, are pass-
through entities but have restrictions on ownership and number of shareholders.- **Limited Liability Companies (LLCs)**: - LLCs combine the flexibility of partnerships with the liability protection of corporations. An LLC can choose to be taxed as a sole proprietorship,
partnership, or corporation, allowing for strategic tax planning. ### 2. Tax Implications of Each Entity TypeUnderstanding the tax implications of each entity type is critical for effective business planning.- **Sole Proprietorships**: - Income is taxed at the owner’s individual tax
rate. All profits and losses are reported on the owner’s tax return. This simplicity, however, can expose owners to significant personal risk.- **Partnerships**: - Each partner reports their share of income and losses on their personal returns, allowing for loss deductions. Partners are
also subject to self-employment taxes on their share of the income, which can significantly impact tax liability.- **Corporations**: - C-Corporations are taxed at the corporate tax rate (currently 21%). Dividends are taxed again at the shareholder level. S-Corporations avoid double
taxation, but there are restrictions on the number and type of shareholders.- **Limited Liability Companies (LLCs)**: - By default, single-member LLCs are treated as sole proprietorships for tax purposes, while multi-member LLCs are treated as partnerships. However, they can
elect to be taxed as a corporation if beneficial.### Key Tax Concepts#### 1. Income RecognitionIncome recognition is a fundamental principle in taxation, determining when income must be reported.- **Cash vs. Accrual Accounting**: - Businesses can choose between cash and
accrual methods. Cash accounting recognizes income when received and expenses when paid, making it straightforward. Accrual accounting recognizes income when earned and expenses when incurred, aligning revenue with the period it relates to, but can complicate cash flow
management.#### 2. DeductionsDeductions reduce taxable income, directly impacting tax liability.- **Ordinary and Necessary Expenses**: - The IRS allows deductions for expenses that are ordinary (common in the industry) and necessary (helpful and appropriate for the
business). Common deductions include rent, utilities, salaries, and professional fees.- **Limits on Deductions**: - Certain expenses, such as meals and entertainment, have specific limits (e.g., meals are typically only 50% deductible). Understanding these limits is vital for
effective tax planning.#### 3. Tax CreditsTax credits directly reduce the tax liability, providing a dollar-for-dollar reduction of taxes owed.- **Types of Tax Credits**: - Examples include the Research and Development (R&D) tax credit, which encourages innovation, and the
Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC) for hiring individuals from certain target groups.### Specific Business Entity Taxation#### 1. PartnershipsPartnerships are a popular choice for many businesses due to their flexible structure.- **Pass-Through Taxation**: - Income is
reported on individual partners’ returns, preventing double taxation. However, partners must pay self-employment taxes on their earnings.- **Distributions and Basis**: - When a partner receives a distribution, it is generally tax-free to the extent of their basis in the partnership.
Understanding how basis is calculated is critical for accurate tax reporting.#### 2. CorporationsCorporate taxation can be complex due to double taxation and various regulations.- **C-Corporations**: - Taxed at the corporate rate, profits are taxed at the entity level, and dividends
are taxed at the shareholder level. Corporations can reinvest profits to defer taxation, but shareholders may face immediate tax consequences upon dividend distribution.
- **S-Corporations**: - Limited to 100 shareholders and certain types of stock, S-Corps can only have eligible domestic individuals as shareholders. They provide the benefits of limited liability and pass-through taxation, making them attractive for small businesses.#### 3.
Limited Liability Companies (LLCs)LLCs offer flexibility in taxation and structure.- **Self-Employment Tax Considerations**: - Members of an LLC treated as a partnership are subject to self-employment tax on their share of the income. Understanding how to minimize this
liability is crucial for LLC members.- **Tax Elections**: - LLCs can elect to be taxed as a corporation, allowing for strategic tax planning based on the members’ overall tax situations.### Special Topics in Business Taxation#### 1. International Tax ConsiderationsAs
globalization increases, understanding international tax implications becomes essential.- **Foreign Tax Credits**: - Businesses operating internationally may qualify for foreign tax credits, which help avoid double taxation on income earned abroad. Proper planning is crucial to
maximize these benefits.- **Transfer Pricing**: - Multinational corporations must ensure that transactions between subsidiaries in different countries adhere to arm's length principles to avoid tax penalties and ensure compliance with both domestic and international
regulations.#### 2. State and Local TaxesTax obligations vary significantly by state and locality.- **Nexus Considerations**: - Businesses must understand nexus—essentially, a connection to a state that creates tax obligations. Factors include physical presence, employee
presence, and sales volume.- **Variations in Tax Rates**: - Each state has its own tax rates and regulations, which can significantly impact a business’s overall tax liability. Careful planning can help businesses navigate these complexities.#### 3. Tax Compliance and
PlanningTax compliance is critical for avoiding penalties and managing liabilities.- **Record-Keeping**: - Accurate record-keeping is essential for compliance. Businesses should maintain detailed records of income, expenses, and deductions to support their tax returns.- **Tax
Planning Strategies**: - Effective tax planning can lead to significant savings. Strategies may include timing income and expenses, leveraging credits and deductions, and selecting the appropriate business structure.### Current Developments#### 1. Legislative ChangesTax laws
are subject to frequent changes, impacting business strategies.- **Recent Legislation**: - Keeping abreast of changes in tax law, such as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, is vital for businesses. These changes can affect everything from corporate tax rates to deductions and credits
available.- **Impacts of Legislation**: - Understanding how legislative changes impact various business structures can help in adjusting strategies to minimize tax liability.#### 2. Technology and TaxationThe evolution of technology is transforming the landscape of tax
compliance and planning.- **Digital Tools**: - Many businesses utilize tax software to streamline compliance and reporting. These tools can automate calculations and help ensure accuracy.- **E-commerce and Tax**: - The rise of e-commerce has led to new tax considerations,
particularly regarding sales tax collection in multiple jurisdictions. Businesses must adapt to these changes to remain compliant.### Practical Applications#### 1. Case StudiesReal-world examples provide insight into effective tax strategies.- **Success Stories**: - Analyzing
businesses that successfully navigated tax planning can offer valuable lessons in compliance, deductions, and strategic planning.- **Common Pitfalls**: - Examining case studies where businesses faced penalties due to non-compliance highlights the importance of understanding
tax obligations.#### 2. Form PreparationProper form preparation is essential for compliance.- **Common Tax Forms**: - Familiarity with key forms, such as Form 1065 for partnerships or Form 1120 for C-Corps, is crucial. Each form has specific requirements and deadlines.-
**Understanding Deadlines**: - Businesses must stay informed about filing deadlines to avoid penalties. Calendar management is an essential part of tax planning.### ConclusionUnderstanding the taxation of business entities is essential for effective financial management and
compliance. With ongoing changes in legislation, technology, and economic conditions, businesses must remain adaptable and informed. This comprehensive approach to tax planning will enable businesses to minimize liabilities while complying with all relevant regulations.---If
you need more specific details or a focus on a particular area, let me know!
, 6. As the RN charge nurse on the night shift in a small long-term care facility, you‘ve found
that there is little turnover among your LPN and nursing assistant (NA) staff members, but
they are not very motivated to go beyond their job descriptions in their work. Which of the
following strategies might motivate the staff and lead to greater job satisfaction?
a. Ask the director of nursing to offer higher wages and bonuses for extra work
for the night LPNs and NAs.
b. Allow the LPNs and NAs greater decision-making power within the scope of
their positions in the institution.
c. Hire additional staff so that there are more staff available for enhanced care,
and individual workloads are lessened.
d. Ask the director of nursing to increase job security for night staff by having
them sign contracts that guarantee work.
ANS: B
Hygiene factors such as salary, working conditions, and security are consistent with
Herzberg‘s two-factor theory of motivation; meeting these needs avoids job dissatisfaction.
Motivator factors such as recognition and satisfaction with work promote a satisfying and
enriched work environment. Transformational leaders use motivator factors liberally to
inspire work performance and increase job satisfaction.
TOP: AONE competency: Communication and Relationship-Building
Sure! I’ll expand on the topics related to "Taxation of Business Entities," providing a more detailed exploration. This overview will cover fundamental concepts, applications, and implications relevant to the study of business taxation.---### Overview of Business Entities#### 1.
Types of Business EntitiesBusiness entities can be categorized based on ownership structure and tax treatment. Understanding these types is crucial for determining tax obligations and benefits.- **Sole Proprietorships**: - Owned by a single individual, this is the simplest form of
business entity. Income is reported on the owner’s personal tax return (Form 1040, Schedule C), which simplifies tax filing but also means personal liability for debts and obligations.- **Partnerships**: - Consisting of two or more individuals, partnerships do not pay federal
income taxes. Instead, they are considered pass-through entities, meaning income is taxed at the partners' individual rates. Form 1065 is used to report partnership income, while partners receive Schedule K-1 to report their share on their returns.- **Corporations**: - Corporations
are separate legal entities that provide limited liability protection to their owners (shareholders). C-Corporations face double taxation: once at the corporate level on profits and again at the individual level when dividends are distributed. S-Corporations, on the other hand, are pass-
through entities but have restrictions on ownership and number of shareholders.- **Limited Liability Companies (LLCs)**: - LLCs combine the flexibility of partnerships with the liability protection of corporations. An LLC can choose to be taxed as a sole proprietorship,
partnership, or corporation, allowing for strategic tax planning. ### 2. Tax Implications of Each Entity TypeUnderstanding the tax implications of each entity type is critical for effective business planning.- **Sole Proprietorships**: - Income is taxed at the owner’s individual tax
rate. All profits and losses are reported on the owner’s tax return. This simplicity, however, can expose owners to significant personal risk.- **Partnerships**: - Each partner reports their share of income and losses on their personal returns, allowing for loss deductions. Partners are
also subject to self-employment taxes on their share of the income, which can significantly impact tax liability.- **Corporations**: - C-Corporations are taxed at the corporate tax rate (currently 21%). Dividends are taxed again at the shareholder level. S-Corporations avoid double
taxation, but there are restrictions on the number and type of shareholders.- **Limited Liability Companies (LLCs)**: - By default, single-member LLCs are treated as sole proprietorships for tax purposes, while multi-member LLCs are treated as partnerships. However, they can
elect to be taxed as a corporation if beneficial.### Key Tax Concepts#### 1. Income RecognitionIncome recognition is a fundamental principle in taxation, determining when income must be reported.- **Cash vs. Accrual Accounting**: - Businesses can choose between cash and
accrual methods. Cash accounting recognizes income when received and expenses when paid, making it straightforward. Accrual accounting recognizes income when earned and expenses when incurred, aligning revenue with the period it relates to, but can complicate cash flow
management.#### 2. DeductionsDeductions reduce taxable income, directly impacting tax liability.- **Ordinary and Necessary Expenses**: - The IRS allows deductions for expenses that are ordinary (common in the industry) and necessary (helpful and appropriate for the
business). Common deductions include rent, utilities, salaries, and professional fees.- **Limits on Deductions**: - Certain expenses, such as meals and entertainment, have specific limits (e.g., meals are typically only 50% deductible). Understanding these limits is vital for
effective tax planning.#### 3. Tax CreditsTax credits directly reduce the tax liability, providing a dollar-for-dollar reduction of taxes owed.- **Types of Tax Credits**: - Examples include the Research and Development (R&D) tax credit, which encourages innovation, and the
Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC) for hiring individuals from certain target groups.### Specific Business Entity Taxation#### 1. PartnershipsPartnerships are a popular choice for many businesses due to their flexible structure.- **Pass-Through Taxation**: - Income is
reported on individual partners’ returns, preventing double taxation. However, partners must pay self-employment taxes on their earnings.- **Distributions and Basis**: - When a partner receives a distribution, it is generally tax-free to the extent of their basis in the partnership.
Understanding how basis is calculated is critical for accurate tax reporting.#### 2. CorporationsCorporate taxation can be complex due to double taxation and various regulations.- **C-Corporations**: - Taxed at the corporate rate, profits are taxed at the entity level, and dividends
are taxed at the shareholder level. Corporations can reinvest profits to defer taxation, but shareholders may face immediate tax consequences upon dividend distribution.
- **S-Corporations**: - Limited to 100 shareholders and certain types of stock, S-Corps can only have eligible domestic individuals as shareholders. They provide the benefits of limited liability and pass-through taxation, making them attractive for small businesses.#### 3.
Limited Liability Companies (LLCs)LLCs offer flexibility in taxation and structure.- **Self-Employment Tax Considerations**: - Members of an LLC treated as a partnership are subject to self-employment tax on their share of the income. Understanding how to minimize this
liability is crucial for LLC members.- **Tax Elections**: - LLCs can elect to be taxed as a corporation, allowing for strategic tax planning based on the members’ overall tax situations.### Special Topics in Business Taxation#### 1. International Tax ConsiderationsAs
globalization increases, understanding international tax implications becomes essential.- **Foreign Tax Credits**: - Businesses operating internationally may qualify for foreign tax credits, which help avoid double taxation on income earned abroad. Proper planning is crucial to
maximize these benefits.- **Transfer Pricing**: - Multinational corporations must ensure that transactions between subsidiaries in different countries adhere to arm's length principles to avoid tax penalties and ensure compliance with both domestic and international
regulations.#### 2. State and Local TaxesTax obligations vary significantly by state and locality.- **Nexus Considerations**: - Businesses must understand nexus—essentially, a connection to a state that creates tax obligations. Factors include physical presence, employee
presence, and sales volume.- **Variations in Tax Rates**: - Each state has its own tax rates and regulations, which can significantly impact a business’s overall tax liability. Careful planning can help businesses navigate these complexities.#### 3. Tax Compliance and
PlanningTax compliance is critical for avoiding penalties and managing liabilities.- **Record-Keeping**: - Accurate record-keeping is essential for compliance. Businesses should maintain detailed records of income, expenses, and deductions to support their tax returns.- **Tax
Planning Strategies**: - Effective tax planning can lead to significant savings. Strategies may include timing income and expenses, leveraging credits and deductions, and selecting the appropriate business structure.### Current Developments#### 1. Legislative ChangesTax laws
are subject to frequent changes, impacting business strategies.- **Recent Legislation**: - Keeping abreast of changes in tax law, such as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, is vital for businesses. These changes can affect everything from corporate tax rates to deductions and credits
available.- **Impacts of Legislation**: - Understanding how legislative changes impact various business structures can help in adjusting strategies to minimize tax liability.#### 2. Technology and TaxationThe evolution of technology is transforming the landscape of tax
compliance and planning.- **Digital Tools**: - Many businesses utilize tax software to streamline compliance and reporting. These tools can automate calculations and help ensure accuracy.- **E-commerce and Tax**: - The rise of e-commerce has led to new tax considerations,
particularly regarding sales tax collection in multiple jurisdictions. Businesses must adapt to these changes to remain compliant.### Practical Applications#### 1. Case StudiesReal-world examples provide insight into effective tax strategies.- **Success Stories**: - Analyzing
businesses that successfully navigated tax planning can offer valuable lessons in compliance, deductions, and strategic planning.- **Common Pitfalls**: - Examining case studies where businesses faced penalties due to non-compliance highlights the importance of understanding
tax obligations.#### 2. Form PreparationProper form preparation is essential for compliance.- **Common Tax Forms**: - Familiarity with key forms, such as Form 1065 for partnerships or Form 1120 for C-Corps, is crucial. Each form has specific requirements and deadlines.-
**Understanding Deadlines**: - Businesses must stay informed about filing deadlines to avoid penalties. Calendar management is an essential part of tax planning.### ConclusionUnderstanding the taxation of business entities is essential for effective financial management and
compliance. With ongoing changes in legislation, technology, and economic conditions, businesses must remain adaptable and informed. This comprehensive approach to tax planning will enable businesses to minimize liabilities while complying with all relevant regulations.---If
you need more specific details or a focus on a particular area, let me know!
7. The nurse manager wants to increase motivation by providing motivating factors for the nurse
on the unit. What action would be appropriate to motivate the staff?
a. Collaborate with the human resource/personnel department to develop on-site
daycare services.
b. Provide a hierarchical organizational structure.
c.
Implement a model of shared governance.
d. Promote the development of a flexible benefits package.
ANS: C
Complexity theory suggests that systems interact and adapt and that decision making
occurs throughout systems, as opposed to being held in a hierarchy. In complexity theory,
every voice counts, and therefore all levels of staff would be involved in decision making.
This principle is the foundation of shared governance.
TOP: AONE competency: Communication and Relationship-Building
8. A charge nurse on a busy 40-bed medical/surgical unit is approached by a family member who
begins to complain loudly about the quality of care his mother is receiving. His behavior is so
disruptive that it is overheard by staff, physicians, and other visitors. The family member leaves
the unit abruptly, and the nurse is left feeling frustrated. Which behavior by the charge nurse best
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