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SC VIRTUAL Government CP final exam vocab with Correct Solutions
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SC VIRTUAL Government CP finalexam vocab with Correct Solutions
Lyndon B. Johnson - ANSWER signed the civil rights act of 1964 into law and the voting
rights act of 1965. he had a war on poverty in his agenda. in an attempt to win, he set a
few goals, including the great society, the economic opportunity act, and other programs
that provided food stamps and welfare to needy famillies. he also created a department
of housing and urban development. his most important legislation was probably
medicare and medicaid.
Machiavelli - ANSWER Renaissance writer; formerly a politician, wrote The Prince, a
work on ethics and government, describing how rulers maintain power by methods
that ignore right or wrong; accepted the philosophy that "the end justifies the means."
Napoleon Bonaparte - ANSWER Overthrew the French revolutionary government (The
Directory) in 1799 and became emperor of France in 1804. Failed to defeat Great
Britain and abdicated in 1814. Returned to power briefly in 1815 but was defeated and
died in exile.
James Madison - ANSWER "Father of the Constitution," Federalist leader, and fourth
President of the United States.
Vladimir Lenin - ANSWER Leader of the Bolshevik (later Communist) Party. He lived in
exile in Switzerland until 1917, then returned to Russia to lead the Bolsheviks to victory
during the Russian Revolution and the civil war that followed.
,Montesquieu - ANSWER French political philosopher who advocated the separation
of executive and legislative and judicial powers (1689-1755)
Rousseau - ANSWER (1712-1778) Believed that society threatened natural rights and
freedoms. Wrote about society's corruption caused by the revival of sciences and art
instead of it's improvement. He was sponsored by the wealthy and participated in salons
but often felt uncomfortable and denounced them. Wrote "The Social Contract."
Unit 2 - ANSWER
philosophies - ANSWER A set of views and theories related to knowledge and ideas
Charters - ANSWER Documents granting the right to organize settlements in an area
colonial legislatures - ANSWER In every colony the lower of these two houses was
elected; this lower house controlled taxes. Only in Rhode Island and Connecticut were
the upper houses elected.
Pilgrims - ANSWER English Puritans who founded Plymouth colony in 1620
Mercantilism - ANSWER An economic policy under which nations sought to increase
their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling
more goods than they bought
trade - ANSWER Exchange of goods and services
Taxation - ANSWER Money raised to provide services for the common good of
the community/country
Social Contract - ANSWER A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure
their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules.
,tyrannical government - ANSWER Leadership taken and directed by force, often
with bloodshed; an oppressive regime.
Checks and Balances - ANSWER A system that allows each branch of government to
limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power
Congress - ANSWER the legislature of the United States government
Federalism - ANSWER A system in which power is divided between the national and
state governments
Amendment - ANSWER A change in, or addition to, a constitution or law
Bill of Rights - ANSWER First 10 amendments to the Constitution
Supremacy Clause - ANSWER Article VI of the Constitution, which makes the
Constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws when the
national government is acting within its constitutional limits.
Elastic Clause - ANSWER Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution, which allows
Congress to make all laws that are "necessary and proper" to carry out the powers
of the Constitution.
Ratification - ANSWER Formal approval, final consent to the effectiveness of a
constitution, constitutional amendment, or treaty
"taxation without representation" - ANSWER the idea that it is unfair to tax someone
without giving them a voice in government
Federalists - ANSWER supporters of the Constitution
, Antifederalists - ANSWER Opponents of ratification of the Constitution and of a strong
central government, generally.
1st Amendment - ANSWER Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and
Petition
2nd Amendment - ANSWER Right to bear arms
3rd Amendment - ANSWER No quartering of soldiers
American Revolution - ANSWER This political revolution began with the Declaration of
Independence in 1776 where American colonists sought to balance the power
between government and the people and protect the rights of citizens in a democracy.
Magna Carta - ANSWER the royal charter of political rights given to rebellious English
barons by King John in 1215
The Petition of Right (1628) - ANSWER A document drawn up by Parliament's House
of Commons listing grievances against King Charles I and extending Parliament's
powers while limiting the king's. It gave Parliament authority over taxation, declared that
free citizens could not be arrested without cause, declared that soldiers could not be
quartered in private homes without compensation, and said that martial law cannot be
declared during peacetime.
The English Bill of Rights ( 1688) - ANSWER Act of Parliament of England declaring the
rights and liberties of the average citizens.
Thomas Hobbes - ANSWER English materialist and political philosopher who
advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve
problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679)
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