Scalp - Answer- Bleeds profusely; vascular
Foramen magnum - Answer- opening through which pressure can be released; spinal cord passes through
Meninges - Answer- membranes that cover brain (pia, arachnoid, dura)
Dura mater - Answer- Outermost layer, most resilient
Brain Hemispheres - An...
CSF created where? Absorbed by what? - Answer- Ventricles of brain, reabsorbed by arachnoid
membrane
MACE stands for? - Answer- Military Acute Concussion Evaluation
GCS highest/lowest/significant score - Answer- High-15 Low-3 Significant-deterioration of 2+
Baseline Assessment for mental status - Answer- AVPU
,Decorticate - Answer- hyper extension in legs, flexion at arms and elbows, hands towards
center/core. UPPER MID BRAIN
Decerebrate - Answer- Teeth clenched, arms and legs extended. CENTRAL MID BRAIN
GCS deteriorating patients at risk for? - Answer- Ongoing pathological process
How to determine if CSF is present in blood - Answer- Halo/Target sign
Halo test - Answer- drop of blood on gauze- csf will form halo ring around blood
Difference of 1+mm pupil size is considered - Answer- abnormal
both pupils dilated but not reacting to light - Answer- brainstem injury
pupils dilated but they react to light - Answer- injury is reversible
dilated pupils that do/dont react to light for other reasons besides head trauma include... -
Answer- hypothermia, anoxia, lightning, optic nerve injury, direct eye trauma, drugs
If the pateint has a normal LOC, dilated pupils are not due to... - Answer- head injury. Look for
other reasons
Suspect c-spine injuries for... - Answer- all non-penetrating head/face/neck wounds
Cushing's Triad - Answer- response to increse in ICP. Increase BP, Decrease HR, irregular
respirations
Low BP due to head injury usually indicates - Answer- terminal event
,Hypovolemic shock doesnt result from... - Answer- isolated head injury. Look for another reason
What is needed for definite diagnosis of intracranial hematoma? - Answer- CT scan
Lucid interval - Answer- loss of consciousness, regaining, then rapid deterioration
hemiparesis - Answer- weakness on one side
hemiplegia - Answer- paralysis on 1 side opposite of trauma
Hyperventilation does what to TBI? - Answer- makes it worse
normal tidal volume - Answer- 350-500ml
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