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NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm 100% ACCURATE

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  • NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
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  • NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Asthma - ANSWER Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive inflammatory response in the bronchioles What are 5 s/s of asthma - ANSWER coughing wheezing shortness of breath rapid breathing chest tightness Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - ANSWER -airway inflammation, bro...

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  • October 26, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  • NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
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NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
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Asthma - ANSWER Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive inflammatory response
in the bronchioles



What are 5 s/s of asthma - ANSWER coughing

wheezing

shortness of breath

rapid breathing

chest tightness



Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - ANSWER -airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity and smooth
muscle spasm

-excess mucus production and accumulation

-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle

-airflow obstruction

-decreased alveolar ventilation



Bronchioles - ANSWER smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that become the alveoli



3 layers of the bronchioles - ANSWER innermost layer

middle layer - lamina propria

outermost layer



lamina propria - ANSWER the middle layer of the bronchioles



structure of the lamina propria - ANSWER embedded with connective tissue cells and immune cells

, purpose of the lamina propria - ANSWER white blood cells are present to help protect the airways



How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma - ANSWER the WBCs protective
feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response that damages host tissue




3 characteristics of bronchitis - ANSWER bronchial inflammation

hypersecretion of mucus

chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2 successive years



Perfusion - ANSWER The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the
body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.



results of chronic bronchitis/ low perfusion - ANSWER cyanosis

right to left shunting

chronic hypoxemia



Why is there cyanosis with chronic bronchitis - ANSWER there is hypoxia due to unfavorable conditions
for gas exchange



Right to left shunting - ANSWER when blood passes from the right ventricle through the lungs and to the
left ventricle without perfusion



Causes of bronchitis - ANSWER -long term exposure to environmental irritants

-repeated episodes of acute infection (RSV infection in early infancy)

-Factors affecting gestational childhood lung development (preterm birth)



Pathogenesis of bronchitis - ANSWER -Exposure to airborne irritants

- Irritant activates bronchial smooth muscle constriction and mucus secretion

, - Triggers release of inflammatory mediators from immune cells located in the lamina propria



most common irritant with bronchitis is? - ANSWER tobacco product smoke



what does long term exposure to irritants promote in bronchitis? (5) - ANSWER - smooth muscle
hypertrophy

- hypertrophy and hyperplasia of goblet cells

- epithelial cell metaplasia

- migration of more WBC to site

- thickening and rigidity of bronchial basement membrane



What does smooth muscle hypertrophy do in lungs? - ANSWER causes increased bronchoconstriction



Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of goblet cells do what in the bronchials - ANSWER promotes
hypersecretion of mucus



What are characteristics of epithelial cell metaplasia? - ANSWER squamous cells become nonciliated and
are less protective; allow passage of toxins and WBCs



What does the migration of WBCs to the bronchials do? - ANSWER increases inflammation of the cite
and causes fibrosis in the bronchial wall



How does the thickening and rigidity of bronchial basement membranes effect the lungs? - ANSWER
leads to further narrowing of the bronchial passageways



What acid-base disorder is seen in chronic bronchitis? - ANSWER respiratory acidosis



how does chronic bronchitis lead to respiratory acidosis? - ANSWER hyperinflation of the alveoli causes
CO2 retention



Where does air enter the body? - ANSWER naso and oropharynx (mouth and nose)

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