NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm 100% ACCURATE
3 views 0 purchase
Course
NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Institution
NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Asthma - ANSWER Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive inflammatory response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - ANSWER coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - ANSWER -airway inflammation, bro...
NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
100% ACCURATE
Asthma - ANSWER Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive inflammatory response
in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - ANSWER coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - ANSWER -airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity and smooth
muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles - ANSWER smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that become the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles - ANSWER innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria - ANSWER the middle layer of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria - ANSWER embedded with connective tissue cells and immune cells
, purpose of the lamina propria - ANSWER white blood cells are present to help protect the airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma - ANSWER the WBCs protective
feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response that damages host tissue
3 characteristics of bronchitis - ANSWER bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus
chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2 successive years
Perfusion - ANSWER The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the
body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.
results of chronic bronchitis/ low perfusion - ANSWER cyanosis
right to left shunting
chronic hypoxemia
Why is there cyanosis with chronic bronchitis - ANSWER there is hypoxia due to unfavorable conditions
for gas exchange
Right to left shunting - ANSWER when blood passes from the right ventricle through the lungs and to the
left ventricle without perfusion
Causes of bronchitis - ANSWER -long term exposure to environmental irritants
-repeated episodes of acute infection (RSV infection in early infancy)
-Factors affecting gestational childhood lung development (preterm birth)
Pathogenesis of bronchitis - ANSWER -Exposure to airborne irritants
- Irritant activates bronchial smooth muscle constriction and mucus secretion
, - Triggers release of inflammatory mediators from immune cells located in the lamina propria
most common irritant with bronchitis is? - ANSWER tobacco product smoke
what does long term exposure to irritants promote in bronchitis? (5) - ANSWER - smooth muscle
hypertrophy
- hypertrophy and hyperplasia of goblet cells
- epithelial cell metaplasia
- migration of more WBC to site
- thickening and rigidity of bronchial basement membrane
What does smooth muscle hypertrophy do in lungs? - ANSWER causes increased bronchoconstriction
Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of goblet cells do what in the bronchials - ANSWER promotes
hypersecretion of mucus
What are characteristics of epithelial cell metaplasia? - ANSWER squamous cells become nonciliated and
are less protective; allow passage of toxins and WBCs
What does the migration of WBCs to the bronchials do? - ANSWER increases inflammation of the cite
and causes fibrosis in the bronchial wall
How does the thickening and rigidity of bronchial basement membranes effect the lungs? - ANSWER
leads to further narrowing of the bronchial passageways
What acid-base disorder is seen in chronic bronchitis? - ANSWER respiratory acidosis
how does chronic bronchitis lead to respiratory acidosis? - ANSWER hyperinflation of the alveoli causes
CO2 retention
Where does air enter the body? - ANSWER naso and oropharynx (mouth and nose)
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Lecchris. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $14.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.