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Biology 20 Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere Exam Questions and Answers
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Biology 20 Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere Exam Questions and Answers
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Biology 20: Energy and Matter Exchangein the Biosphere Exam Questions and
Answers
Dynamic Equilibrium - Answers -Describes any system with constant change in which
the components can adjust to the changes without disturbing the entire system
(constant change with continual adjustments)
Closed System - Answers -A system in which matter is not exchanged with its
surroundings (energy can be exchanged)
Open System - Answers -A system in which matter and energy are exchanged with its
surroundings
Biosphere - Answers -The narrow zone around Earth that harbours life (composed of
the lithosphere, the hydrosphere and the atmosphere)
Biotic - Answers -The biological, or living components, of the biosphere
Abiotic - Answers -The non-living components of the biosphere (including chemical and
physical factors)
Organism - Answers -An individual animal, plant or single-celled life form
Population - Answers -A group of individuals of the same species occupying a given
area at a certain time
Community - Answers -The populations of all species that occupy a habitat
Ecosystem - Answers -A community and its physical and chemical environment; the
functional unit of the biosphere
Biodiversity - Answers -The number of species within an ecosystem; biological diversity
Food chain - Answers -A sequence linking organisms that feed on each other, starting
with a food source and continuing in order with each consumer
Producer - Answers -An autotroph; an organism that makes its own food
, Consumer - Answers -A heterotroph; an organism that must eat producers or other
consumers to survive
Predator - Answers -A species that feeds on another species, keeping the population of
the prey in check
Prey - Answers -A species that is targeted by a predator species, providing an important
food source
Indicator species - Answers -A species sensitive to small changes in environmental
conditions; can provide an early warning sign that the ecosystem balance is being
perturbed
Herbivore - Answers -An animal that eats only plants
Carnivore - Answers -An animal that feeds only on other animals
Omnivore - Answers -An animal that eats both plants and other animals
Detritus - Answers -Waste from plants and animals, including their dead remains
Decomposer - Answers -An organism that feeds on detritus; key importance for the
recycling of matter
Habitat - Answers -A place or type of environment with conditions suitable for the
survival of an organism or population of organisms
Ultraviolet Radiation - Answers -Electromagnetic radiation from the Sun that can cause
burning of the skin and cellular mutations
Ozone - Answers -An inorganic molecule composed of three oxygen atoms that can be
found in the stratosphere to help screen our harmful UV radiation
Trophic level - Answers -A category of living things defined by how it gains its energy;
the first contains autotrophs, and each higher level contains heterotrophs
Autotroph - Answers -An organism that uses the Sun's energy and raw materials to
make it's own food; a producer
Primary consumer - Answers -In a food chain or web, an organism that relies directly on
autotrophs for its source of energy; located at the second trophic level
Secondary consumer - Answers -In a food chain or web, an organism that relies on
primary consumers for its principle source of energy; located at the third trophic level
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