Biology 20: Energy and Matter Exchange
in the Biosphere Exam Questions and
Answers
Dynamic Equilibrium - Answers -Describes any system with constant change in which
the components can adjust to the changes without disturbing the entire system
(constant change with continual adjustments)
Closed System - Answers -A system in which matter is not exchanged with its
surroundings (energy can be exchanged)
Open System - Answers -A system in which matter and energy are exchanged with its
surroundings
Biosphere - Answers -The narrow zone around Earth that harbours life (composed of
the lithosphere, the hydrosphere and the atmosphere)
Biotic - Answers -The biological, or living components, of the biosphere
Abiotic - Answers -The non-living components of the biosphere (including chemical and
physical factors)
Organism - Answers -An individual animal, plant or single-celled life form
Population - Answers -A group of individuals of the same species occupying a given
area at a certain time
Community - Answers -The populations of all species that occupy a habitat
Ecosystem - Answers -A community and its physical and chemical environment; the
functional unit of the biosphere
Biodiversity - Answers -The number of species within an ecosystem; biological diversity
Food chain - Answers -A sequence linking organisms that feed on each other, starting
with a food source and continuing in order with each consumer
Producer - Answers -An autotroph; an organism that makes its own food
, Consumer - Answers -A heterotroph; an organism that must eat producers or other
consumers to survive
Predator - Answers -A species that feeds on another species, keeping the population of
the prey in check
Prey - Answers -A species that is targeted by a predator species, providing an important
food source
Indicator species - Answers -A species sensitive to small changes in environmental
conditions; can provide an early warning sign that the ecosystem balance is being
perturbed
Herbivore - Answers -An animal that eats only plants
Carnivore - Answers -An animal that feeds only on other animals
Omnivore - Answers -An animal that eats both plants and other animals
Detritus - Answers -Waste from plants and animals, including their dead remains
Decomposer - Answers -An organism that feeds on detritus; key importance for the
recycling of matter
Habitat - Answers -A place or type of environment with conditions suitable for the
survival of an organism or population of organisms
Ultraviolet Radiation - Answers -Electromagnetic radiation from the Sun that can cause
burning of the skin and cellular mutations
Ozone - Answers -An inorganic molecule composed of three oxygen atoms that can be
found in the stratosphere to help screen our harmful UV radiation
Trophic level - Answers -A category of living things defined by how it gains its energy;
the first contains autotrophs, and each higher level contains heterotrophs
Autotroph - Answers -An organism that uses the Sun's energy and raw materials to
make it's own food; a producer
Primary consumer - Answers -In a food chain or web, an organism that relies directly on
autotrophs for its source of energy; located at the second trophic level
Secondary consumer - Answers -In a food chain or web, an organism that relies on
primary consumers for its principle source of energy; located at the third trophic level
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller millyphilip. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.